Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Metabolites from Basidiomycetes: A Review

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The search for new antimicrobial molecules is important to expand the range of available drugs, as well as to overcome the drug resistance of pathogens. One of the promising sources of antibacterial and antifungal metabolites is basidial fungi, which have wide biosynthetic capabilities. Methods: The review summarized the results of studying the antimicrobial activity of extracts and metabolites from basidiomycetes published from 2018-2023. Results: In all studies, testing for antibacterial and antifungal activity was carried out in in vitro experiments. To obtain the extracts, mainly the fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes, as well as their mycelia and culture liquid were used. Antimicrobial activity was found in aqueous, methanol, and ethanol extracts. Antimicrobial metabolites of basidiomycetes were isolated mainly from the submerged culture of basidiomycetes. Metabolites active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and mycelial and yeast-like fungi were identified. Conclusions: Basidiomycete extracts and metabolites have shown activity against collectible strains of bacteria and fungi and multi-resistant and clinical strains of pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the most active metabolites ranged from 1 to 16.7 µg/mL.

Keywords: antibiotics; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; basidiomycetes; culture liquid; extracts; fruiting bodies; metabolites; mycelium.

Figure 1

The percentage of basidiomycete orders’ representatives in studies on the antimicrobial activity of their various extracts.

Figure 2

The use of various solvents to produce extracts.

Figure 3

(A) Sources of antimicrobial molecules of basidiomycetes. (B) The percentage of basidiomycete orders representatives in studies on the isolation of antimicrobial molecules.

Figure 4

Basidiomycetes metabolites with antimicrobial activity.