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. 2024 Nov 16;17(22):5610.
doi: 10.3390/ma17225610.

Compositional Design of New Environmentally Friendly Geopolymer Mortar Based on Kaolin and Granite Residues

Jeicy Ellen Alves de Brito  1 , Alisson Mendes Rodrigues  2 , Jucielle Veras Fernandes  1 , Cibelle Guimarães Silva Severo  1 , Juliana de Melo Cartaxo  3 , Lisiane Navarro de Lima Santana  1   3 , Mauro Francisco Pinheiro da Silva  2 , Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes  1   3 , Gelmires de Araújo Neves  1   3
Affiliations

Compositional Design of New Environmentally Friendly Geopolymer Mortar Based on Kaolin and Granite Residues

Jeicy Ellen Alves de Brito et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The use of industrial residues in civil construction is an exciting alternative to mitigate environmental impacts and promote the circular economy. This work developed new compositions of geopolymer mortars activated by NaOH from fine kaolin residue (RCF), coarse kaolin residue (RCG) and granite (RG). All residues were benefited and characterized by chemical analysis (X-ray fluorescence), mineralogical phases (X-ray diffraction) and granulometry (laser granulometry). Additionally, the RCF was calcined at 650 °C for 2 h (RCFC) to produce metakaolin, which is the starting point for the geopolymer reaction. A mixture of experimental designs was accomplished to evaluate the water/binder factor (Wexp (%)) necessary for new geopolymer mortar compositions to reach the consistency index (260 mm, ASTM C1437-15) and the effect of different curing conditions on the simple compressive strength (SCS). The geopolymeric compositions with RCFCs, pre-cured at room temperature, exhibited the highest Wexp% values (>40%) and significant SCS, with curing conditions A and B reaching 6 MPa and 7 MPa, respectively. Such behavior can be explained by the fact that the pre-curing step at room temperature keeps the system humidity relatively high, favoring the dissolution of Si4+ and Al3+ ions and, therefore, increasing the Si/Al ratio, which positively influences the geopolymerization kinetics reaction.

Keywords: environmentally friendly materials; geopolymer mortar compositions; geopolymerization; granite residues and circular economy; kaolin residues; sustainable materials.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diffractograms of RG (a), RCG (b), RCF (c) and RCFC (d).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Granulometric analysis of (a) RCFC, (b) RCG and (c) RG.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a,b) 3D response surface plots and their respective projections onto the composition triangle were calculated for mortar compositions containing RCFC, RG and RCG.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of curing conditions on the SCS values of NaOH-activated mortar compositions containing RCFC, RCG and RG, (a) cure A; (b) cure B; (c) cure C; (d) cure D and (e) cure E.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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