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Review
. 2024 Nov 20;13(22):6993.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13226993.

Non-Pharmacological Therapy in Heart Failure and Management of Heart Failure in Special Populations-A Review

Jasmine K Dugal  1 , Arpinder S Malhi  1 , Noyan Ramazani  1 , Brianna Yee  1 , Michael V DiCaro  1 , KaChon Lei  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Non-Pharmacological Therapy in Heart Failure and Management of Heart Failure in Special Populations-A Review

Jasmine K Dugal et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Non-pharmacological therapies play an essential role in the management of heart failure, complementing pharmacological treatments to mitigate disease progression and improve patient outcomes. This review provides an updated perspective on non-pharmacological interventions with a focus on lifestyle modifications, device therapies, and the management of heart failure in special populations, such as the elderly, women, and patients with comorbid conditions like renal dysfunction and diabetes. Key lifestyle interventions, including sodium and fluid restriction, dietary changes, and physical activity, are explored for their impact on symptom reduction, hospital readmissions, and quality of life. Device therapies like cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) are also evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing mortality in patients with advanced HF. Special attention is given to vulnerable populations, emphasizing the need for individualized approaches tailored to specific pathophysiological mechanisms and socioeconomic factors. By integrating these strategies, healthcare providers can optimize care and enhance patient adherence, reducing the overall burden of heart failure.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; diabetes; diet; exercise; heart failure; lifestyle modification.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The effects of alcohol and tobacco on the heart. Heart failure (HF). Myocardial infarction (MI).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The recommendations for antihyperglycemic therapy based on the heart failure stage. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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