Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jan;14(1):e240212.
doi: 10.57264/cer-2024-0212. Epub 2024 Nov 27.

R WE ready for reimbursement? A round up of developments in real-world evidence relating to health technology assessment: part 17

Paul Arora  1   2 , Sreeram V Ramagopalan  3
Affiliations

R WE ready for reimbursement? A round up of developments in real-world evidence relating to health technology assessment: part 17

Paul Arora et al. J Comp Eff Res. 2025 Jan.

Abstract

In this update, we discuss a position statement from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) on the use of artificial intelligence for evidence generation and publications reviewing the use of real-world data as external control arms. Finally, we discuss a number of recent studies investigating the real-world effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and whether these studies are informative for reimbursement decision making.

Keywords: GLP-1RA; NICE; artificial intelligence; evidence generation; external control arms; health technology assessment; natural language processing; obesity; real-world data; real-world evidence.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests disclosure

The authors have no competing interests or relevant affiliations with any organization or entity with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. NICE. Use of AI in evidence generation: NICE position statement. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/about/what-we-do/our-research-work/use-of-ai-in-...
    1. Reason T, Rawlinson W, Langham J, Gimblett A, Malcolm B, Klijn S. Artificial intelligence to automate health economic modelling: a case study to evaluate the potential application of large language models. Pharmacoecon. Open. 8(2), 191–203 (2024). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Castanon A, Tsvetanova A, Ramagopalan SV. RWE ready for reimbursement? A round up of developments in real-world evidence relating to health technology assessment: part 16. J. Comp. Eff. Res. 13(8), e240095 (2024). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Padula WV, Kreif N, Vanness DJ et al. Machine learning methods in health economics and outcomes research – The PALISADE Checklist: A Good Practices Report of an ISPOR Task Force. Value Health. 25(7), 1063–1080 (2022). - PubMed
    1. Hermans SJF, van der Maas NG, van Norden Y et al. Externally controlled studies using real-world data in patients with hematological cancers: a systematic review. JAMA Oncol. 10, 1426–1436 (2024). - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources