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. 2024 Nov 27;24(1):260.
doi: 10.1186/s12894-024-01636-z.

Body mass index and penile cancer incidence: results from a Norwegian cohort study of 829,081 men

Dagfinn Aune  1   2   3 , Marie Nordsletten  4 , Tor Åge Myklebust  5   6 , Trude Eid Robsahm  7 , Bjørn Steen Skålhegg  8 , Tom Mala  4   9 , Sheraz Yaqub  4   9 , Usman Saeed  4
Affiliations

Body mass index and penile cancer incidence: results from a Norwegian cohort study of 829,081 men

Dagfinn Aune et al. BMC Urol. .

Abstract

Background: A few previous studies have suggested a possible association between adiposity and increased risk of penile cancer, however, the evidence is to date limited for this rare cancer. We investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and penile cancer risk in a large Norwegian cohort.

Methods: The analyses included 829,081 men aged 16-75 years at baseline in 1963-1975. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between BMI and penile cancer incidence.

Results: A total of 725 incident penile cancer cases occurred during 25.6 million person-years of follow-up. Compared to men with BMI 18.5-<25, the HRs (95% CIs) of those with a BMI of 15-<18.5, 25-<30, and ≥ 30 were 0.45 (0.15-1.41), 1.14 (0.97-1.33) and 1.63 (1.20-2.22), respectively, and the HR was 1.26 (1.12-1.42) per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI. When the obese category was further subdivided in grade 1 (BMI 30-<35) and grade 2 obesity (≥ 35), the respective HRs were 1.52 (1.10-2.10) and 3.28 (1.46-7.35, ptrend<0.001). The positive association persisted in sensitivity analyses excluding the first 5 years of follow-up. The association between BMI in early adulthood and penile cancer risk was less precise (1.23, 0.91-1.65 per 5 kg/m2, n = 143 cases) and for BMI and early-onset penile cancer was null (1.03, 0.51-2.06 per 5 kg/m2, n = 27 cases).

Conclusion: High BMI is associated with increased risk of penile cancer. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms.

Keywords: Body mass index; cohort; penile cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was obtained from the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research in South-Eastern Norway (REC#: 2018/670), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Tax Administration (which administers the National Population Registry), and Oslo University Hospital data protection officer (SD0759843), The Regional Ethical Committee for Medical and Health Research waived consent for using register data. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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