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. 2024 Sep 29;11(3):618-626.
doi: 10.5455/javar.2024.k811. eCollection 2024 Sep.

First report of Neospora caninum from aborted fetuses of cattle, sheep, and goats in Bangladesh

Md Shahiduzzaman  1 , Pijush Biswas  1 , Ajran Kabir  2 , Abu Rakib M Beni Amin  1 , Sakhyajit Saha Parijat  3 , Nurnabi Ahmed  1 , Md Zawad Hossain  3 , Majed H Wakid  4   5
Affiliations

First report of Neospora caninum from aborted fetuses of cattle, sheep, and goats in Bangladesh

Md Shahiduzzaman et al. J Adv Vet Anim Res. .

Abstract

Objectives: The study aimed to detect Neospora caninum by nested PCR (nPCR) in aborted fetuses of cattle, sheep, and goats in Bangladesh.

Materials and methods: The head portion of each aborted fetus (111) was dissected at each sampling site and transferred to the laboratory in an ice box. Data on risk factors associated with N. caninum infection were simultaneously collected. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from brain tissue to perform nPCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene of N. caninum and sequencing was performed from the representative positive samples.

Results: By nPCR, N. caninum was found in 16.0% of aborted fetuses of cattle, followed by sheep (14.81%) and goats (11.78%). The highest prevalence was found in aborted fetuses of animals during the second trimester (27.78%) of pregnancy aged 2 to 4 years (18.75%). Obtained sequences showed they were completely matched with N. caninum ITS1 rDNA gene deposited in GenBank. Univariate analysis demonstrated that pregnancy stages (trimesters), abortion history of the animals, and access to dogs in animal farms were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) correlated with N. caninum infection.

Conclusion: This study represents the first investigation into the molecular detection, phylogenetic characterization, and analysis of risk factors associated with N. caninum in livestock in Bangladesh. According to the research findings, N. caninum infection may have a role in abortion cases and the ensuing financial losses in the nation's livestock industry.

Keywords: Aborted fetuses; Neospora caninum; cattle; goat; nested-PCR; sheep.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Colored areas of map showing the study areas of Bangladesh. Location symbols in the magnified districts (Jessore, Mymensigh and Rangpur) show the specific location in the study areas.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Gel electrophoresis showing nPCR amplicons of the N. caninum ITS1 gene fragment (300 bp). In lanes: M, molecular weight marker = 1 kbp; P, positive control; N, negative control; S1–S6 are samples (S1, S2 cattle; S3, S4, sheep; S5, S6 goat samples). The sequence confirmed sample was used as positive control.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Neighbor-joining phylogeny of ITS1 gene sequences of N. caninum species. The percentage at branch points is associated taxa clustered together of 1,000 bootstrap data sets that supported the specific internal branches. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. GenBank accession numbers accompany each taxon name. Green circle: N. caninum sequences isolated from brain tissue of aborted fetuses of cattle, sheep and goat in Bangladesh. Red triangle: an out-group.
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