Plant microbiome technology for sustainable agriculture

Abstract

Plants establish specific interactions with microorganisms, which are vital for promoting growth and resilience. Although advancements in microbiome modulation technologies show great potential for sustainable agriculture, several challenges have hindered the wider application of plant microbiomes in the field. These challenges may include inconsistent microbial colonization, competition with native microbiota, and environmental variability. Current strategies, while promising, often yield inconsistent results in real-world agricultural settings, highlighting the need for more refined approaches. Agricultural practices and plant genotypes significantly influence the composition and function of plant-associated microbiota. A data-driven strategy that incorporates genomic profiling, environmental assessments, and optimized delivery systems is essential for selecting effective microbial strains. Additionally, refining farming practices, such as crop rotation, intercropping, and reduced tillage, along with robust plant breeding programs, can greatly enhance crop health and productivity.

Keywords: growth promotion; microbial diversity; microbiome-based farming approaches; plant microbiome; sustainable agriculture.

Figure 1

Mechanisms of plant microbiome colonization. Microbial recruitment in the rhizosphere is initiated by chemotaxis toward plant exudates (A). Microbes adhere to plant lectins via exopolysaccharides (EPS) (B), penetrate root tissues with the aid of cellulolytic enzymes (C), and disseminate throughout the plant system (D).

Figure 2

The complex interactions between plant genotypes, microbiota, and agricultural practices that influence plant phenotypes and traits.