Burden and impact of periodontal diseases on oral health-related quality of life and systemic diseases and conditions: Latin America and the Caribbean Consensus 2024

Abstract

Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent globally, and represent a significant public health burden that could affect the quality of life in Latin American and in Caribbean countries and territories. The primary objective is to explore the existing research and epidemiological studies on the burden of periodontal diseases, particularly their impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and associations with systemic health conditions in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). An electronic literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, and Web of Science, without publication date or language limitations, up until December 2023. Reviewers independently assessed titles and abstracts based on the eligibility criteria. The search yielded 1195 articles, with 63 meeting the inclusion criteria. The results of epidemiological studies showed that periodontitis is extremely prevalent at 90% in LAC; severe periodontitis can affect nearly 10% of the adult population and that periodontitis is aggravated by smoking, poverty, low education level, and limited access to proper dental care. Periodontitis was consistently associated with worse OHRQoL; and causing pain, and/or triggering psychological discomfort, physical disability, and social disability. Associations were also reported between periodontitis and comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory disease, mental illness, and adverse pregnancy outcomes that are also affecting the quality of life of individuals and their families. This scoping review offers a thorough examination of the burden of periodontal diseases in LAC and highlights the significant public health concern that it represents for the region.

Figure 1. Study flow chart of oral health quality of life and periodontitis articles in Latin America and the Caribbean countries.

Figure 2. Proportion of articles related to periodontal disease, age of patient group, comorbidities and Quality of Life.

Figure 3. Distribution of articles by country, Brazil (n = 50), Colombia (n = 4), Chile (n = 4), Ecuador (n = 1), Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico (n = 1), Costa Rica (n = 1), Mexico (n = 1), Argentina (n = 1).