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. 2024 Nov 28;4(1):60.
doi: 10.1007/s44192-024-00118-w.

Distribution and association of road traffic accident with depression among Indian population aged 45 years and above: nested multilevel modelling analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional survey

Pritam Halder  1 , Sayan Saha  2 , Anshul Mamgai  3 , Abhinav Chandra Sekhar Kolachala  4 , Ankita Chattopadhyay  5 , Shivani Rathor  6 , Manish Chandra Prabhakar  3
Affiliations

Distribution and association of road traffic accident with depression among Indian population aged 45 years and above: nested multilevel modelling analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional survey

Pritam Halder et al. Discov Ment Health. .

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of important public health problems like road traffic accidents (RTA) and depression are surging. This study was aimed to estimate distribution and determine the association between RTA and depression among Indian population aged 45 years and above: overall and stratified into age group, gender and across states/union territories as aspirants, achievers, and front runners.

Methods: Using Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) dataset (April 2017-December 2018), we have conducted this study among middle aged (45-59 years) and older adults and elderly (≥ 60 years) Indians. Bivariate analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of RTA and depression nationally and across aspirants, achievers, and front runner states. States and union territories were categorised as low, medium, and high as per RTA and depression prevalence, which were further cross tabulated. Spatial distribution maps were created using Microsoft Excel. We have documented the association of RTA with depression. To reduce the confounding effects of demographic and socioeconomic; health related and behavioural covariates; propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted. Nested multilevel regression modelling was analysed using STATA version 17.

Results: Prevalence of RTA was 1.84% (1.74-1.94) nationally, highest among achiever states [2.04% (1.82-2.30)]. Prevalence of depression was 6.08% (5.90-6.26) nationally, highest among aspirant states [7.02% (6.74-7.30)]. The adjusted odds of having RTA was significantly among depressed [aOR (95% CI) 1.76 (1.45-2.15)] than non-depressed participants; which was much higher among females [aOR (95% CI) 1.93 (1.43-2.62)] than in males [aOR (95%CI) 1.67 (1.29-2.16)] and much higher among middle aged [aOR (95%CI) 2.08 (1.63-2.65)]. Odds of RTA was highest across front runners [aOR (95%CI) 1.86 (1.26-2.72)] followed by aspirant states [aOR (95%CI) 1.79 (1.37-2.33)].

Conclusion: This study established the positive association between depression and road traffic accidents among middle aged, older adults and elderly. Therefore, efforts must be taken to address mental health issues in them with proper policy implication more focused on females and middle aged. Front runner's states should get the limelight followed by aspirant states.

Keywords: Accidents; Depression; LASI; Middle aged; Older adults and elderly; RTA; Road traffic accidents.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Being a secondary analysis of a dataset freely available in the public domain, ethical approval for the present study was not deemed necessary. However, the ethical approval to conduct LASI was given by the Indian Council of Medical Research's (ICMR) Central Ethics Committee on Human Research (CECHR) [24]. We confirm that all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964, Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from the participants during the survey. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
State/Union Territory wise distribution of prevalence of RTA
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
State/Union Territory wise distribution of prevalence of depression
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Categorisation of states and union territories by prevalence of RTA and depression
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Association of road traffic accident with depression (Model-3) as per state categorisation (Classification accuracy 98.32%)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Pictorial abstract showing nested multilevel regression modelling: Model-3 (Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval) of road traffic accident and depression
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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