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Review
. 2025 Feb;29(1):87-103.
doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2024.08.003. Epub 2024 Sep 11.

Embolic and Ablative Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Mian Khalid  1 , Alisa Likhitsup  2 , Neehar D Parikh  3
Affiliations
Review

Embolic and Ablative Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Mian Khalid et al. Clin Liver Dis. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Embolic and ablative locoregional therapies (LRTs) for hepatocellular carcinoma are widely used to cure, bridge, or downstage patients for more definitive therapies. Common ablative therapies include microwave ablation and radiofrequency ablation, while embolic options include transarterial chemoembolization and 90Y transarterial radioembolization. While these therapies can be highly effective for the appropriate stage of disease, LRTs can suffer from a high rate of posttreatment recurrences. Considerations for administration of specific therapies include disease burden and underlying liver function. Recent data on concomitant or adjuvant systemic therapy, with LRT, have the potential to improve disease control and improve outcomes in this high-risk patient population.

Keywords: BCLC; HCC; MWA; RFA; TACE; TARE; Y90.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure N.D. Parikh has provided consultation services for Exelixis and Exact Sciences and served on advisory boards for Genentech, Eisai, Gilead, Sirtex, Fujifilm Medical, and AstraZeneca. The other authors have no disclosures.

MeSH terms