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Case Reports
. 2024 Nov 29;29(1):35.
doi: 10.1007/s10029-024-03204-8.

Congenital perineal hernia: a systematic review of case reports

Malik W Z Khan #  1 , Muhammad Ahmad #  2 , Samra Iftikhar  3 , Asfandiyar K Mohmand  2 , Muhammad Esmat  4 , Salma Qudrat  2 , Jibran Ikram  5 , Salman Khan  6 , Long Tu  3
Affiliations
Case Reports

Congenital perineal hernia: a systematic review of case reports

Malik W Z Khan et al. Hernia. .

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature to evaluate the diagnostic methods, associated defects, treatment approaches, and outcomes of congenital perineal hernia.

Methods & results: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar from inception until January 7, 2024, to find relevant articles on congenital perineal hernia. A total of 87 articles were obtained which were screened based on eligibility criteria yielding a total of 12 documented cases that were summarized in a table.

Case description: We also present two cases of congenital perineal hernia in two siblings. A 28-day-old full-term infant presented with respiratory distress and pneumonia. Examination revealed a reducible swelling in the buttock. Imaging confirmed congenital diaphragmatic and perineal hernia. Emergency surgical correction of the diaphragmatic hernia was performed, but the infant's condition worsened, leading to death 9 days after surgery due to sepsis and respiratory arrest. A 2.5-month-old infant presented with protrusion in the buttocks, irritability, and breathing difficulties. Examination revealed a reducible congenital perineal hernia. Imaging revealed herniation of the intestinal loops through a pelvic muscle defect. Although surgery was offered, the parents chose conservative management, and the patient remained asymptomatic at 4 months of age.

Conclusions: It is important to consider the possibility of congenital perineal hernia when encountering a reducible swelling in the buttock area. Our findings emphasize the need for individualized care based on case-specific attributes and highlight the complexity of congenital perineal hernias.

Keywords: Congenital; Perineal hernia; Surgery; Systematic review; Ultrasound.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Patient consent: Informed consent was acquired from the patients’ guardians whose clinical images and case details are written in the study.

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