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Multicenter Study
. 2024 Nov 29;184(1):54.
doi: 10.1007/s00431-024-05891-y.

Early respiratory features of small for gestational age very preterm children

Camille Jung  1 , Héloïse Torchin  2   3 , Pierre-Henri Jarreau  2   3 , Pierre-Yves Ancel  3   4 , Olivier Baud  2   3   5 , Cyril Guillier  6 , Laetitia Marchand-Martin  3 , Alexandra Wodecki  7 , Elodie Zana-Taïeb  2   8 , Ludovic Tréluyer  9   10
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Early respiratory features of small for gestational age very preterm children

Camille Jung et al. Eur J Pediatr. .

Abstract

The short-term respiratory consequences of small for gestational (SGA) are only partially known. Our aim was to compare the early respiratory features between SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) in very preterm infants. We conducted a secondary analysis of the French prospective EPIPAGE-2 cohort. Eligible children were those born alive before 32 weeks' gestation. The exposed group consisted of children with SGA. The unexposed group consisted of AGA children. SGA and AGA children were randomly matched in a ratio of 1:1 on the same gestational age and sex. Primary outcomes were age at final extubation and age at weaning from any respiratory support. Among 3.964 very preterm from the EPIPAGE2 cohort, 1123 SGA and 1123 AGA very preterm children were included in the study. The median gestational age was 30.0 weeks (interquartile range 28.0-31.0) in both groups. The median birthweight was 1440 g (1138-1680) in the AGA group and 1000 g (780-1184) in the SGA group. Invasive mechanical ventilation was less common in the SGA than in the AGA group: 68.6% (770/1123) versus 72.0% (808/1062), odds ratio 0.85 (95% CI [0.72-1.00]). In cases of mechanical ventilation, median age at final extubation was 4 days (1-23) and 2 days (1-9) in the SGA and AGA groups. Median postmenstrual age at weaning from any respiratory support was 33.4 weeks (31.7-35.9) in the SGA group and 32.4 weeks (31.4-34.3) in the AGA group.

Conclusion: SGA is associated with delayed extubation and respiratory support weaning.

What is known: • Small for gestational age concerns more than 30% of very preterm children. • The condition is strongly associated with increased neonatal mortality and morbidity, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

What is new: • Small for gestational age is associated with delayed extubation and respiratory support weaning in very preterm children. • Shortening invasive mechanical ventilation as much as possible is a crucial issue in this population to try to reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Keywords: Invasive mechanical ventilation; Prematurity; Respiratory support; Small for gestational age.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval: Recruitment and data collection at birth occurred only after families had received information and gave their consent to participate. French law and regulations have been followed. The EPIPAGE-2 cohort was approved by the national data protection authority (CNIL no. 911009) and by the appropriate ethics committees. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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