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. 2025 Apr;37(4):1013-1023.
doi: 10.1111/jerd.13372. Epub 2024 Nov 30.

Insights Into the Effects and Implications of Acidic Beverages on Resin Composite Materials in Dental Restorations: An In Vitro Study

Kualsmita Das  1 , Chethana S Murthy  1 , Meena Naganath  1 , Deepak Mehta  2 , R Anitha Kumari  1 , Mohmed Isaqali Karobari  2 , Venkata Suresh Venkataiah  2
Affiliations

Insights Into the Effects and Implications of Acidic Beverages on Resin Composite Materials in Dental Restorations: An In Vitro Study

Kualsmita Das et al. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2025 Apr.

Abstract

Background: Dental composite resins are commonly used due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties. However, exposure to beverages like Coca-Cola, Apple juice, and Black coffee can negatively impact these materials. This study examined the effects of these drinks on the surface microhardness and surface roughness of Nanohybrid, Giomer, and Dual-Cure Bulk-fill resin composites.

Methods: Seventy-two disc-shaped resin composite specimens were prepared and divided into four groups (n = 18) based on immersion liquid: Group 1 (Coca-Cola), Group 2 (Apple juice), Group 3 (Black coffee), and Group 4 (Distilled water). The composites were further categorized into NeoSpectra (Subgroup 1), Beautifil II (Subgroup 2), and Predicta (Subgroup 3). Specimens were immersed for 14 days, alternating 18 h in beverages and 6 h in distilled water daily. Microhardness was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester, and surface roughness was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Data were assessed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: All groups experienced significant decrease in microhardness and surface roughness. Coca-Cola led to the highest roughness and hardness reduction. Among composites, the Nanohybrid resin (NeoSpectra) showed the least alteration.

Conclusion: NeoSpectra ST, a nanohybrid composite, demonstrated superior resistance to acidic beverages compared to Giomer and Bulk-fill composites.

Clinical significance: The study finds that out of three composite materials, nanohybrid composites are the most acid resistant which provides a suitable material for patients who consume acidic beverages more frequently. In this way, clinicians can use this information to help optimally increase the longevity of their restorations by selecting materials according to oral exposure levels of acids in their patients.

Keywords: acidic beverages; composite resins; dual‐cure bulk‐fill; giomer; microhardness. Restorative dentistry; nanohybrid; surface roughness.

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