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. 2024 Dec;310(6):3121-3129.
doi: 10.1007/s00404-024-07729-2. Epub 2024 Nov 30.

Evaluation of menstrual blood loss (MBL) by self-perception and pictorial methods and correlation to uterine myometrial pathology

Consuelo Russo  1   2 , Mario Palumbo  3 , Sabrina Reppuccia  3 , Giuseppe Gabriele Iorio  3 , Elvira Nocita  1 , Giulia Monaco  1 , Federica Iacobini  1 , Giorgia Soreca  1 , Caterina Exacoustos  4
Affiliations

Evaluation of menstrual blood loss (MBL) by self-perception and pictorial methods and correlation to uterine myometrial pathology

Consuelo Russo et al. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

Purpose: Evaluating menstrual blood loss (MBL) in primary healthcare is challenging. Our study aimed to assess MBL using two methods: self-perception and pictograms (Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart-PBAC and Menstrual Pictogram superabsorbent polymer-c version-MP) in women undergoing transvaginal ultrasound (TVS).

Methods: We enrolled 221 premenopausal women with spontaneous menstruation, no hormonal therapy, and no ongoing pregnancy. They were divided into four age groups (12-20, 21-30, 31-40, and 41-55 years). Women self-reported normal (NMB) or heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and filled out PBAC and MP. A PBAC score ≥ 150 and MP score ≥ 80 ml indicated HMB. TVS was conducted on all patients, recording any pelvic pathologies. We compared self-perception with pictograms across the cohort, age groups, and ultrasound findings.

Results: Of the cohort, 50.2% reported normal periods and 49.8% heavy periods. No significant differences were found between self-perception and pictograms in identifying NMB and HMB across all groups. However, significant differences were observed between PBAC and MP scores for NMB (56.1% vs 41.2%, p = 0.001) and HMB (43.9% vs 58.8%, p = 0.001), particularly in the 31-40 age group. Significant differences in PBAC and MP scores were noted between age groups 12-20 and 41-55, and 31-40 and 41-55. No significant differences were found between self-perception and pictograms regarding ultrasound findings like adenomyosis, fibroids, endometrial pathology, and uterine congenital malformations.

Conclusion: Self-perception could be a reliable method for describing MBL across all age groups and ultrasound findings. Given the complexity and potential errors in using pictograms, clinicians should consider relying on self-perception for assessing menstrual cycle quantity.

Keywords: Heavy menstrual bleeding; Menstrual pictogram; Pictorial blood loss assessment; Transvaginal ultrasound.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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