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Review
. 2024 Sep 30;12(11):8675-8691.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4428. eCollection 2024 Nov.

Fermentative production of vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium shermanii and Pseudomonas denitrificans and its promising health benefits: A review

Anjali Tripathi  1 , Vinay Kumar Pandey  2 , Parmjit S Panesar  3 , Anam Taufeeq  4 , Hridyanshi Mishra  5 , Sarvesh Rustagi  6 , Sumira Malik  7   8 , Béla Kovács  9 , Tejas Suthar  10 , Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh  9
Affiliations
Review

Fermentative production of vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium shermanii and Pseudomonas denitrificans and its promising health benefits: A review

Anjali Tripathi et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

Cobalamin, generally known as vitamin B12, is a crucial component required for humans in several physiological processes. It has been produced from sources that are derived from animals, making it difficult for vegetarians and vegans to consume the recommended amount each day. The importance of vitamin B12 in red blood cell production, DNA synthesis, and brain processes has been highlighted. Recent studies have looked at different methods of producing vitamin B12, such as microbial fermentation. Propionibacterium shermanii and Pseudomonas denitrificans have demonstrated remarkable potential as fermented sources of vitamin B12. Compared to conventional sources, the bioavailability of vitamin B12 produced by P. denitrificans and P. shermanii is more effective in meeting dietary needs. Vitamin B12 can be produced naturally by P. denitrificans. It is equipped with the enzymes and metabolic pathways required to produce this vital vitamin. The fermentation of several dietary substrates by P. shermanii can improve nutrient bioavailability. P. shermanii generates enzymes during fermentation that aid in the breakdown of complex nutrients, facilitating easier absorption and utilization by the body. The motive of the following critical evaluation is to assess the advantages of vitamin B12 for health and the capacity of P. denitrificans and P. shermanii to produce it through fermentation.

Keywords: cobalamin; fermentation; microbial production; vitamin B12.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Pharmacological role of vitamin B12 in human body.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Metabolism of homocysteine with the help of vitamin B12.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Diagram illustrating the salvage, anaerobic, and aerobic cobalamin biosynthetic pathways: The diagram commences with the aerobic pathway, which is illustrated for P. denitrificans or Sinorhizobium meliloti and the anaerobic pathway for the extensively researched bacteria S. typhimurium and P. shermanii.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Downstream processing for the production of vitamin B12.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Exemplary commercial cobalamin manufacturing flowchart that applicable for Propionibacterium shermanii.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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