Assessing lipid-lowering and plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity of Centranthus longiflorus and β-Sitosterol following administration to triton WR1339- treated rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid-lowering and plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP) activity of Centranthus longiflorus(CL) and β-Sitosterol(βS) following intraperitoneal administration of Triton-WR 1339 (=Tyloxapol) (TWR) to male Wistar rats. Hyperlipidemia(HL) was developed by intraperitoneal injection of TWR. The animals were divided into main eight groups of six rats each. Rats were housed in separate cages and fed a standard diet for 7 days. After 7 days, ethanol extraction of CL plant, aqueous suspension of βS and anacetrapib was given to rats by oral gavage 1 h before the triton injection. Blood samples were collected and used for the biochemical parameters analysis. Histopathological studies were also performed on liver tissue. In hyperlipidemic rats(HR), CL extract and βS reduced total cholesterol similarly. βS lowered low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C) more than CL extract. Both CL extract and βS approximated impaired Alanine transaminase(ALT) and Aspartate transaminase(AST) levels in HR's to the level of control. CL extract provided better protection than βS against deterioration in liver tissue samples seen in hyperlipidemic rats. Finally, CL extract and βS inhibited CETP, at which point βS was more effective. These findings showed that CL extract and βS reduce plasma lipid concentration and may have a hypolipidemic effect due to their anti-CETP properties.

Keywords: Centranthus longiflorus; cholesteryl Ester transfer activity; hyperlipidemia; triton WR‐1339; β‐Sitosterol.

FIGURE 1

Effects of Triton Wr‐1339 (TWR), anacetrapib (ACP), C. longiflorus (CL) and β‐sitosterol (βS) on plasma lipid levels in Wistar rats. (a) total cholesterol (TC), (b) triglyceride (TG), (c) high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐ cholesterol, (d) low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐ cholesterol levels from plasma of Wistar rats (Tukey's multiple range tests were used); *significant changes between control and treatment groups (ns: Not significant, **p < .01, ***p < .001, ****p < .0001).

FIGURE 2

Effects of Triton Wr‐1339 (TWR), anacetrapib (ACP), C. longiflorus and β‐sitosterol on Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in Wistar rats (Tukey's multiple range tests were used); *significant changes between control and treatment groups (ns: Not significant, **p < .01, ***p < .001, ****p < .0001).

FIGURE 3

Effects of Triton Wr‐1339 (TWR), anacetrapib (ACP), C. longiflorus (CL) and β‐sitosterol (βS) on liver tissue in Wistar rats. (a) Liver, HC group; (b) ACP group: Mild liver damage (mild occlusion‐thin arrow and sinusoidal dilatation‐thick arrow). (c) TWR group: Severe liver injury (pronounced occlusion‐thin arrow and sinusoidal dilatation‐thick arrows) (d) CL group: Mild liver injury (mild occlusion‐thin arrow and sinusoidal dilatation‐thick arrows); (e) βS group: Moderate liver damage (a focal fat change with microdroplets‐thin arrows, moderate occlusion and sinusoidal dilatation‐thick arrows); (f) CL + TWR group: Mild liver damage (mild occlusion‐thin arrow and sinusoidal dilatation‐thick arrow). There is no fat change in hepatocytes; (g) βS + TWR group: Moderate liver damage (a focal fat exchange with microdroplets‐thin arrows and moderate occlusion thick arrows); (h) ACP + TWR group: Moderate liver damage (a focal fat exchange with microdroplets‐thin arrows and moderate occlusion thick arrows).

FIGURE 4

Effects of Triton Wr‐1339 (TWR), anacetrapib (ACP), C. longiflorus (CL) and β‐sitosterol (βS) on CETP levels in Wistar rats (Tukey's multiple range tests were used); *significant changes between control and treatment groups (ns: Not significant, **p < .01, ***p < .001, ****p < .0001).