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. 2024 Dec 3;12(12):CD004376.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004376.pub4.

Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee

Belinda J Lawford  1 , Michelle Hall  2 , Rana S Hinman  1 , Martin Van der Esch  3 , Alison R Harmer  4 , Libby Spiers  1 , Alex Kimp  1 , Andrea Dell'Isola  5 , Kim L Bennell  1
Affiliations

Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee

Belinda J Lawford et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a major public health issue causing chronic pain, impaired physical function, and reduced quality of life. As there is no cure, self-management of symptoms via exercise is recommended by all current international clinical guidelines. This review updates one published in 2015.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of land-based exercise for people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) by comparing: 1) exercise versus attention control or placebo; 2) exercise versus no treatment, usual care, or limited education; 3) exercise added to another co-intervention versus the co-intervention alone.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, and two trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), together with reference lists, from the date of the last search (1st May 2013) until 4 January 2024, unrestricted by language.

Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated exercise for knee OA versus a comparator listed above. Our outcomes of interest were pain severity, physical function, quality of life, participant-reported treatment success, adverse events, and study withdrawals.

Data collection and analysis: We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane for systematic reviews of interventions.

Main results: We included 139 trials (12,468 participants): 30 (3065 participants) compared exercise to attention control or placebo; 60 (4834 participants) compared exercise with usual care, no intervention or limited education; and 49 (4569 participants) evaluated exercise added to another intervention (e.g. weight loss diet, physical therapy, detailed education) versus that intervention alone. Interventions varied substantially in duration, ranging from 2 to 104 weeks. Most of the trials were at unclear or high risk of bias, in particular, performance bias (94% of trials), detection bias (94%), selective reporting bias (68%), selection bias (57%), and attrition bias (48%). Exercise versus attention control/placebo Compared with attention control/placebo, low-certainty evidence indicates exercise may result in a slight improvement in pain immediately post-intervention (mean 8.70 points better (on a scale of 0 to 100), 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.70 to 11.70; 28 studies, 2873 participants). Moderate-certainty evidence indicates exercise likely results in an improvement in physical function (mean 11.27 points better (on a scale of 0 to 100), 95% CI 7.64 to 15.09; 24 studies, 2536 participants), but little to no improvement in quality of life (mean 6.06 points better (on a scale of 0 to 100), 95% CI -0.13 to 12.26; 6 studies, 454 participants). There was moderate-certainty evidence that exercise likely increases participant-reported treatment success (risk ratio (RR) 1.46, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.92; 2 studies 364 participants), and likely does not increase study withdrawals (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.26; 29 studies, 2907 participants). There was low-certainty evidence that exercise may not increase adverse events (RR 2.02, 95% CI 0.62 to 6.58; 11 studies, 1684 participants). Exercise versus no treatment/usual care/limited education Compared with no treatment/usual care/limited education, low-certainty evidence indicates exercise may result in an improvement in pain immediately post-intervention (mean 13.14 points better (on a scale of 0 to 100), 95% CI 10.36 to 15.91; 56 studies, 4184 participants). Moderate-certainty evidence indicates exercise likely results in an improvement in physical function (mean 12.53 points better (on a scale of 0 to 100), 95% CI 9.74 to 15.31; 54 studies, 4352 participants) and a slight improvement in quality of life (mean 5.37 points better (on a scale of to 100), 95% CI 3.19 to 7.54; 28 studies, 2328 participants). There was low-certainty evidence that exercise may result in no difference in participant-reported treatment success (RR 1.33, 95% CI 0.71 to 2.49; 3 studies, 405 participants). There was moderate-certainty evidence that exercise likely results in no difference in study withdrawals (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.20; 53 studies, 4408 participants). There was low-certainty evidence that exercise may increase adverse events (RR 3.17, 95% CI 1.17 to 8.57; 18 studies, 1557 participants). Exercise added to another co-intervention versus the co-intervention alone Moderate-certainty evidence indicates that exercise when added to a co-intervention likely results in improvements in pain immediately post-intervention compared to the co-intervention alone (mean 10.43 points better (on a scale of 0 to 100), 95% CI 8.06 to 12.79; 47 studies, 4441 participants). It also likely results in a slight improvement in physical function (mean 9.66 points better, 95% CI 7.48 to 11.97 (on a 0 to 100 scale); 44 studies, 4381 participants) and quality of life (mean 4.22 points better (on a 0 to 100 scale), 95% CI 1.36 to 7.07; 12 studies, 1660 participants) immediately post-intervention. There was moderate-certainty evidence that exercise likely increases participant-reported treatment success (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.24; 6 studies, 1139 participants), slightly reduces study withdrawals (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.97; 41 studies, 3502 participants), and slightly increases adverse events (RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.76; 19 studies, 2187 participants). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression We did not find any differences in effects between different types of exercise, and we found no relationship between changes in pain or physical function and the total number of exercise sessions prescribed or the ratio (between exercise group and comparator) of real-time consultations with a healthcare provider. Clinical significance of the findings To determine whether the results found would make a clinically meaningful difference to someone with knee OA, we compared our results to established 'minimal important difference' (MID) scores for pain (12 points on a 0 to 100 scale), physical function (13 points), and quality of life (15 points). We found that the confidence intervals of mean differences either did not reach these thresholds or included both a clinically important and clinically unimportant improvement.

Authors' conclusions: We found low- to moderate-certainty evidence that exercise probably results in an improvement in pain, physical function, and quality of life in the short-term. However, based on the thresholds for minimal important differences that we used, these benefits were of uncertain clinical importance. Participants in most trials were not blinded and were therefore aware of their treatment, and this may have contributed to reported improvements.

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Conflict of interest statement

  1. Kim Bennell

    1. Royalties from UpToDate knee osteoarthritis guidelines

    2. Chair of Osteoarthritis Research Society International Rehabilitation Group

  2. Andrea Dell’Isola

    1. Papers published on osteoarthritis management

    2. Affiliation to Lund University and University of Genoa, organisations that have declared an opinion or position on the topic

  3. Michelle Hall

    1. Grant funds from Medical Research Future Fund

    2. Grant funds from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)

    3. Publication of opinion relevant to this work

  4. Rana Hinman

    1. Publication of papers and social media posts expressing opinions related to the topic

    2. Editorial Board Member role for the Journal of Physiotherapy

    3. Grant funds from NHMRC

  5. Belinda Lawford

    1. Steering Committee member of Osteoarthritis Research Society International Rehabilitation Group

Kim Bennell, Rana Hinman, Alexander Kimp, Belinda Lawford and Libby Spiers are authors of studies included in this review. None of these authors were involved in assessment of study eligibility, data extraction, assessment of risk bias and the GRADE assessments for their own studies.

Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

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Braghin 2018 {published data only}
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Brismée 2007 {published data only}
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Cheung 2017 {published data only}
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Foley 2003 {published data only}
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Gohir 2021 {published data only}
    1. Gohir SA, Eek F, Kelly A, Abhishek A, Valdes AM. Effectiveness of internet-based exercises aimed at treating knee osteoarthritis: the ibeat-OA randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open 2021;4(2):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0012] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Gondhalekar 2013 {published data only}
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Guo 2022 {published data only}
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Hay 2006 {published data only}
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Henriksen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Bandak E, Boesen M, Bilddal H, Daugaard C, Hangaard S, Bartholdy C, et al. The effects of exercise on synovitis and bone marrow lesions in knee osteoarthritis: secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2018;26 Suppl 1:S315-6. - PubMed
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Hernandez 2019 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Hernandez D, Dimaro M, Navarro E, Dorado J, Accoce M, Salzberg S, et al. Efficacy of core exercises in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2019;23(4):881-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.06.002] - DOI - PubMed
Hinman 2020 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12616000054415. Telephone-delivered support and advice for people with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: telecare Study. Effect of telephone-delivered advice on pain and function in people with knee osteoarthritis: telecare trial. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=369204&... (registered 20 January 2016).
    1. Hinman RS, Campbell PK, Lawford BJ, Briggs AM, Gale J, Bills C, et al. Does telephone-delivered exercise advice and support by physiotherapists improve pain and/or function in people with knee osteoarthritis? Telecare randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2020;54(13):790-7. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101183] - DOI - PubMed
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Holm 2020 {published data only}
    1. Holm PM, Aagaard P, Schroder H, Skou ST. High-intensity strength training in addition to standard non-surgical treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis E a randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017;25 Suppl 1:S443-4.
    1. Holm PM, Petersen KK, Wernbom M, Schroder HM, Arendt-Nielsen L, Skou ST. Strength training in addition to neuromuscular exercise and education in individuals with knee osteoarthritis-the effects on pain and sensitization. European Journal of Pain (United Kingdom) 2021;25(9):1898-911. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1796] - DOI - PubMed
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Hopman‐Rock 2000 {published data only}
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    1. Hsu YI, Chen YC, Lee CL, Chang NJ. Effects of diet control and telemedicine-based resistance exercise intervention on patients with obesity and knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial [Effects of diet control and telemedicine-based resistance exercise intervention on patients with obesity and knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021;18(15):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157744] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Hu 2020 {published data only}
    1. Hu X, Lai Z, Wang L. Effects of Taichi exercise on knee and ankle proprioception among individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Research in Sports Medicine (Print) 2020;28(2):268-78. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2019.1663520] - DOI - PubMed
Huang 2003 {published data only}
    1. Huang M-H, Lin Y-H, Lee C-L, Yang R-C. Use of ultrasound to increase effectiveness of isokinetic exercise for knee osteoarthritis. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 2005;86:1545-51. - PubMed
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Huang 2005 {published data only}
    1. Huang M-H, Yang R-C, Lee C-L, Chen T-W, Wang M-C. Preliminary results of integrated therapy for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care & Research 2005;53:812-20. - PubMed
Hurley 2007 {published data only}
    1. Hurley M, Walsh N, Mitchell H. Sustained improvement in physical functioning following an integrated rehabilitation programme for chronic knee pain. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom) 2011;1:eS520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2011.04.002] - DOI
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Imoto 2012 {published data only}
    1. Imoto AM, Peccin MS, Trevisani VF. Quadriceps strengthening exercises are effective in improving pain, function and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Acta Ortopedica Brasileira 2012;20(3):174-9. [DOI: 10.1590/S1413-78522012000300008] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Jan 2008 {published data only}
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Jan 2009 {published data only}
    1. Jan M, Lin C, Lin Y, Lin J, Lin D. Effects of weight-bearing versus nonweight-bearing exercise on function, walking speed, and position sense in participants with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009;90(6):897-904. - PubMed
Janyacharoen 2018 {published data only}
    1. Janyacharoen T, Yonglitthipagon P, Nakmareong S, Katiyajan N, Auvichayapat P, Sawanyawisuth K. Effects of the applied ancient boxing exercise on leg strength and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 2018;14(6):1059-66. [DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836392.196] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Jenkinson 2009 {published data only}
    1. Jenkinson CM, Doherty M, Avery AJ, Read A, Taylor MA, Sach TH, et al. Effects of dietary intervention and quadriceps strengthening exercises on pain and function in overweight people with knee pain: randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 2009;339:b3170. - PMC - PubMed
Jorge 2015 {published data only}
    1. Jorge RT, Souza MC, Chiari A, Jones A, Fernandes Ada R, Lombardi Junior I, et al. Progressive resistance exercise in women with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 2015;29(3):234-43. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215514540920] - DOI - PubMed
Joshi 2019 {published data only}
    1. Joshi S, Singh SK, Vij JS. Effect of retrowalking, a non-pharmacological treatment on pain, disability, balance and gait in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development 2019;10(2):214-9. [DOI: 10.5958/0976-5506.2019.00288.2] - DOI
Kang 2022 {published data only}
    1. Kang N, Wang Y, Chen G, Guo C, Zhang Z, Mei D, et al. Functional outcomes of Tai Chi exercise prescription in women with knee osteoarthritis. Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022;4(4):239-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.10.001] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Karadag S, Tasci S, Dogan N, Demir H, Kilic Z. Application of heat and a home exercise program for pain and function levels in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial [Application of heat and a home exercise program for pain and function levels in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial]. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2019;25(5):e12772. [DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12772] - DOI - PubMed
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Kholvadia 2019 {published data only}
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Kilic 2020 {published data only}
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Kim 2020 {published data only}
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Kovar 1992 {published data only}
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Krishnan 2021 {published data only}
    1. Krishnan K, Abadi FH, Zainudin FF, Barati AH, Elumalai G. Comparison of the effect of aquatic and Thera-band exercise on pain and quality of life in obese people with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Pain Management 2021;14(3):221-9.
Kumar 2013 {published data only}
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Kuntz 2018 {published data only}
    1. Kuntz AB, Chopp-Hurley JN, Brenneman EC, Karampatos S, Wiebenga EG, Adachi JD, et al. Efficacy of a biomechanically-based yoga exercise program in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. PloS One 2018;13(4):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195653] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Lai 2021 {published and unpublished data}
    1. ChiCTR-IOR-16009234. Effects of whole body vibration exercise on neuromuscular function for individuals with knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR-IOR-16009234 2016. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lai Z, Lee S, Chen Y, Wang L. Comparison of whole-body vibration training and quadriceps strength training on physical function and neuromuscular function of individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness 2021;19(3):150-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2021.01.003] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Lee 2009 {published data only}
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Lee 2019 {published data only}
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Lee 2023 {published data only}
    1. Lee EL, Jang MH, Lee BJ, Han SH, Lee HM, Choi SU, et al. Home-based remote rehabilitation leads to superior outcomes for older women with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2023;24(10):1555-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.08.013] - DOI - PubMed
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Lim 2008 {published data only}
    1. Hall M, Hinman RS, Wrigley TV, Kasza J, Lim BW, Bennell KL. Knee extensor strength gains mediate symptom improvement in knee osteoarthritis: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2018;26(4):495-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.01.018] - DOI - PubMed
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    1. Lin D, Lin CJ, Lin Y, Jan M. Efficacy of 2 non-weight-bearing interventions, proprioception training versus strength training, for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 2009;39(6):450-7. - PubMed
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Liu 2019 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR-IOR-16009308. Explore Tai Chi exercise in improving knee osteoarthritis symptoms based on fMRI: a clinical study. ChiCTR-IOR-16009308 2016.
    1. Liu J, Chen L, Chen X, Hu K, Tu Y, Lin M, et al. Modulatory effects of different exercise modalities on the functional connectivity of the periaqueductal grey and ventral tegmental area in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2019;123(4):506-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.06.017] - DOI - PubMed
Lu 2017 {published data only}
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Lund 2008 {published data only}
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Marconcin 2018 {published data only}
    1. Marconcin P, Espanha M, Teles J, Bento P, Campos P, Andre R, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a combined self-management and exercise intervention for elderly people with osteoarthritis of the knee: the PLE2NO program. Clinical Rehabilitation 2018;32(2):223-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215517718892] - DOI - PubMed
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Maurer 1999 {published data only}
    1. Maurer BT, Stern AG, Kinossian B, Cook KD, Schumacher HR. Osteoarthritis of the knee: isokinetic quadriceps exercise versus an educational intervention. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1999;80:1293-9. - PubMed
Mazloum 2018 {published data only}
    1. Mazloum V, Rabiei P, Rahnama N, Sabzehparvar E. The comparison of the effectiveness of conventional therapeutic exercises and Pilates on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 2018;31:343-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.10.008] - DOI - PubMed
Mehwish 2023 {published data only}
    1. Mehwish B, Ali SS, Mirza Baig AA. Effect of hip joint mobilisations and strength training on pain, physical function and dynamic balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 2023;73(4):749-54. [DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.6223] - DOI - PubMed
Messier 2004 {published data only}
    1. Messier SP, Loeser RF, Miller GD, Morgan TM, Rejeski WJ, Sevick MA, et al. Exercise and dietary weight loss in overweight and obese older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2004;50:1501-10. - PubMed
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Messier 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bay-Jensen AC, Loeser R, Frederiksen P, Beaver D, Karsdal MA, Nicklas BJ, et al. Effects of dietary weight loss with and without exercise on fibrosis biomarkers in adults with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2021;29 Suppl 1:S157-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.02.220] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Messier SP, Beavers D, Mihalko SL, Miller GD, Nicklas BJ, Lyles M, et al. Does long-term intensive diet and exercise reduce the biomechanical burden in overweight and obese adults with knee osteoarthritis? The intensive diet and exercise for arthritis (IDEA) trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016;1:S47-8.
    1. Messier SP, Beavers DP, Mihalko SL, Miller GD, Lyles MF, Hunter DJ, et al. The effects of intensive dietary weight loss and exercise on gait in overweight and obese adults with knee osteoarthritis. The Intensive Diet and Exercise for Arthritis (IDEA) trial. Journal of Biomechanics 2019;1:109477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109477] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Messier 2021 {published data only}
    1. Hunter DJ, Beavers DP, Eckstein F, Guermazi A, Loeser RF, Nicklas BJ, et al. The Intensive Diet and Exercise for Arthritis (IDEA) trial: 18-month radiographic and MRI outcomes. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2015;23(7):1090-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.03.034] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Messier SP, Mihalko SL, Beavers DP, Nicklas BJ, Devita P, Carr JJ, et al. Effect of high-intensity strength training on knee pain and knee joint compressive forces among adults with knee osteoarthritis: the START randomized clinical trial. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association 2021;325(7):646-57. [DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.0411] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Messier SP, Mihalko SL, Beavers DP, Nicklas BJ, Devita P, Carr JJ, et al. Strength training for arthritis trial (START): design and rationale. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2013;14:(no pagination). - PMC - PubMed
Mete 2022 {published data only}
    1. Mete E, Sari Z. The efficacy of exergaming in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Physiotherapy Research International 2022;27(3):e1952. [DOI: 10.1002/pri.1952] - DOI - PubMed
Multanen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Heinonen A, Janhunen E, Multanen J, Jamsa T, Kujala U, Nieminen M, et al. Effects of high-impact training on femoral neck structure in postmenopausal women with mild osteoarthritis: 12-month randomized controlled exercise intervention. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. Conference 2012;27 Suppl 1:(no pagination).
    1. Heinonen A, Multanen J, Kujala U, Ojala R, Selanne H, Koli J, et al. High-impact training to improve physical performance in postmenopausal women with early osteoarthritis. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom) 2011;1:eS470-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2011.04.002] - DOI
    1. Koli J, Multanen J, Kujala UM, Hakkinen A, Nieminen MT, Kautiainen H, et al. Effects of exercise on patellar cartilage in women with mild knee osteoarthritis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2015;47(9):1767-74. [DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000629] - DOI - PubMed
    1. Multanen J, Hakkinen A, Kujala U, Ojala R, Selanne H, Koli J, et al. The effects of bone exercise on knee pain, stiffness and function among women with mild knee osteoarthritis: randomized, controlled trial. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom) 2011;1:eS852-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2011.04.002] - DOI
    1. Multanen J, Nieminen MT, Hakkinen A, Kujala U, Jamsa T, Kautiainen H, et al. High-impact bone exercise does not have controversial effects on articular cartilage: a randomized controlled quantitative MRI study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. Conference 2012;27 Suppl 1:(no pagination). - PubMed
Nahayatbin 2018 {published data only}
    1. IRCT2014010215936N1. Comparing the effect of Taichi [sic] and close kinetic chain exercise on the knee osteoarthritis. https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/15046 (first registered 26 January 2014).
    1. Nahayatbin M, Ghasemi M, Rahimi A, Khademi-Kalantari K, Naimi SS, Tabatabaee SM, et al. The effects of routine physiotherapy alone and in combination with either Tai Chi or closed kinetic chain exercises on knee osteoarthritis: a comparative clinical trial study. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2018;20(4):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.62600] - DOI
Nelligan 2021 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12618001167257. My Knee Exercise: a 6 month electronically delivered intervention to support self-management for people with knee osteoarthritis: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375219 (first registered 13 July 2018).
    1. Nelligan R, Hinman R, Kasza J, Crofts S, Bennel K. Effects of self-directed web-based strengthening exercise and physical activity supported by automated sms on pain and function in people with knee osteoarthritis: A randomised controlled trial. Internal Medicine Journal 2021;51(SUPPL 2):9-10. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.15302] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Nelligan RK, Hinman RS, Kasza J, Bennell KL. Effectiveness of internet-delivered education and home exercise supported by behaviour change SMS on pain and function for people with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial protocol. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019;20(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2714-x] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Nelligan RK, Hinman RS, Kasza J, Crofts SJ, Bennell KL. Effects of a self-directed web-based strengthening exercise and physical activity program supported by automated text messages for people with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine 2021;181(6):776-85. [DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.0991] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Nelligan RK, Hinman RS, McManus F, Lamb KE, Bennell KL. Moderators of the effect of a self-directed digitally delivered exercise program for people with knee osteoarthritis: exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2021;23(10):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.2196/30768] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
O'Reilly 1999 {published data only}
    1. O'Reilly SC, Muir KR, Doherty M. Effectiveness of home exercise on pain and disability from osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomised controlled trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1999;58:15-9. - PMC - PubMed
Oh 2020 {published data only}
    1. Oh SL, Kim DY, Bae JH, Lim JY. Effects of rural community-based integrated exercise and health education programs on the mobility function of older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2021;33(11):3005-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01474-7] - DOI - PubMed
Ozlu 2023 {published data only}
    1. Ozlu A, Unver G, Tuna HI, Menekseoglu AK. The effect of a virtual reality-mediated gamified rehabilitation program on pain, disability, function, and balance in knee osteoarthritis: a prospective randomized controlled study. Games for Health Journal 2023;12(2):118-24. [DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2022.0130] - DOI - PubMed
Pazit 2018 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12616001382460. High speed resistance training and balance training for people with knee osteoarthritis to reduce falls risk. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371590&... (registered 6 October 2016). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Levinger P, Dunn J, Bifera N, Butson M, Elias G, Hill KD. High-speed resistance training and balance training for people with knee osteoarthritis to reduce falls risk: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017;18(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2129-7] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pazit L, Dunn J, Nancy B, Butson M, George E, Hill KD, et al. Safety and feasibility of high speed resistance training with and without balance exercises for knee osteoarthritis: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Physical Therapy in Sport 2018;34:154-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.10.001] - DOI - PubMed
Peloquin 1999 {published data only}
    1. Peloquin L, Bravo G, Gauthier P, Lacombe G, Billiard J-S. Effects of a cross-training exercise program in persons with osteoarthritis of the knee. A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 1999;5:126-36. - PubMed
Qiu 2023 {published data only}
    1. Qiu J, Zhou T, Jin H, Pan Y, Qian T, Xue C, et al. Effect of adding hip exercises to general rehabilitation treatment of knee osteoarthritis on patients' physical functions: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2023;15(1):158. [DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00772-7] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Rafiq 2021a {published data only}
    1. Rafiq MT, Hamid MS, Hafiz E. Effect of progressive resistance strength training on body mass index, quality of life and functional capacity in knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 2021;14:2161-8. [DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S317896] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Rafiq 2021b {published data only}
    1. Irct20191221045846n1. Role of advising exercises using mobile health in treatment of knee osteoarthritis [Effectiveness of lower limb rehabilitation protocol using mobile health on physical disability and exercise adherence among knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients who are overweight]. Irct20191221045846n1 2020.
    1. Rafiq MT, Abdul Hamid MS, Hafiz E. The effect of rehabilitation protocol using mobile health in overweight and obese patients with knee osteoarthritis: a clinical trial. Advances in Rheumatology 2021;61(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s42358-021-00221-4] - DOI - PubMed
Rafiq 2021c {published data only}
    1. Rafiq MT, Hamid MS, Hafiz E. Short-term effects of strengthening exercises of the lower limb rehabilitation protocol on pain, stiffness, physical function, and body mass index among knee osteoarthritis participants who were overweight or obese: a clinical trial. Scientific World Journal 2021;2021:(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6672274] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Rakhshani 2022 {published data only}
    1. Rakhshani M, Ashtiani AR, Payandeh A, Akbari A, Ghiasi F, Hosseinifar M, et al. Effect of proximal exercises of lower extremity on static balance parameters during quiet standing. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2022;11(11):6978-82. [DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_362_22] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Rego 2023 {published data only}
    1. Rego TA, Ferreira AP, Villela DW, Shirahige L, Xavier AB, Braz RR, et al. Effects of mat pilates on older adult women with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2023;33:136-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.02.007] - DOI - PubMed
Robbins 2022 {published data only}
    1. Ferreira De Meneses SR, Hunter DJ, Young Docko E, Pasqual Marques A. Effect of low-level laser therapy (904 nm) and static stretching in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a protocol of randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2015;16(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0709-9] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Melo L, De Meneses SF, Johnson VL, Deveza LA, Hunter DJ. Stepped care approach for medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017;25 Suppl 1:S176.
    1. Meneses SF, Marques AP, Hunter DJ. Is knee range of motion related to pain? Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016;1:S447-8.
    1. Robbins SR, Alfredo PP, Junior WS, Marques AP. Low-level laser therapy and static stretching exercises for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 2022;36(2):204-13. [DOI: 10.1177/02692155211047017] - DOI - PubMed
Rogind 1998 {published data only}
    1. Rogind H, Bibow-Nielsen B, Jensen B, Moller HC, Frimodt-Moller H, Bliddal H. The effects of a physical training program on patients with osteoarthritis of the knees. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1998;79:1421-7. - PubMed
Rosadi 2023 {published data only}
    1. Isrctn17933625. Effectiveness of a combined exercise and physiotherapy intervention in improving functional activity of patients with knee osteoarthritis in Muslim prayer movements. Isrctn17933625 2021.
    1. Rosadi R, Wu PT, You YL, Kuo LC, Lin CF. Effectiveness of combined exercise and physiotherapy intervention in improving functional activity of patients with knee osteoarthritis in Muslim pray movements. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering 2023;98(7):560-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-023-00778-z] - DOI
Rosedale 2014 {published data only}
    1. Rosedale R, Rastogi R, May S, Chesworth BM, Filice F, Willis S, et al. Efficacy of exercise intervention as determined by the McKenzie System of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 2014;44(3):173-81, A1-6. [DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2014.4791] - DOI - PubMed
Sadeghi 2023 {published data only}
    1. Sadeghi A, Rostami M, Khanlari Z, Zeraatchi A, Jalili N, Karimi Moghaddam A, et al. Effectiveness of muscle strengthening exercises on the clinical outcomes of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized four-arm controlled trial. Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine 2023;14(3):433-42. [DOI: 10.22088/cjim.14.3.433] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Salacinski 2012 {published data only}
    1. Salacinski AJ, Krohn K, Lewis SF, Holland ML, Ireland K, Marchetti G. The effects of group cycling on gait and pain-related disability in individuals with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 2012;42(12):985-95. - PubMed
Salli 2010 {published data only}
    1. Salli A, Sahin N, Baskent A, Ugurlu H. The effect of two exercise programs on various functional outcome measures in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Isokinetics and Exercise Science 2010;18(4):201-9.
Samuel 2014 {published data only}
    1. Samuel Sundar Doss D, Rekha K, Prathap S. Effects of non weight bearing strength training for knee osteoarthritis. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014;5(3):188-92.
Samut 2015 {published data only}
    1. Samut G, Dincer F, Ozdemir O. The effect of isokinetic and aerobic exercises on serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels, pain, and functional activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Modern Rheumatology 2015;25(6):919-24. [DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2015.1038425] - DOI - PubMed
Santana 2022 {published data only}
    1. Santana ET, Da Cunha Machado S, Brandao Lima VN, DeSantana Filho VJ, Dos Santos Maciel LY, De Farias Neto JP, et al. Comparison between exercise therapy and non-hydrolyzed collagen (UC-II) in functionality and quality of life in women with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 2022;135:291-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02037-8] - DOI - PubMed
Schilke 1996 {published data only}
    1. Schilke JM, Johnson GO, Housh TJ, O'Dell JR. Effects of muscle-strength training on the functional status of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Nursing Research 1996;45:68-72. - PubMed
Schlenk 2020 {published data only}
    1. Schlenk EA, Fitzgerald GK, Rogers JC, Kwoh CK, Sereika SM. Promoting physical activity in older adults with knee osteoarthritis and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 2020;29(2):207-18. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0498] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Sedaghatnezhad 2021 {published data only}
    1. Irct20171115034920n1. The effect of uphill walking on knee osteoarthritis [The effect of uphill walking on pain, range of motion, stride length, walking speed and disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20171115034920n1 2017.
    1. Sedaghatnezhad P, Shams M, Karimi N, Rahnama L. Uphill treadmill walking plus physical therapy versus physical therapy alone in the management of individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Disability and Rehabilitation 2021;43(18):2541-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1703146] - DOI - PubMed
Sekir 2005 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Sekir U, Gur H. A multi-station proprioceptive exercise program in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthrosis: functional capacity, pain and sensoriomotor function. A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine 2005;4(4):590-603. - PMC - PubMed
Shabbir 2022 {published data only}
    1. NCT04546659. Retro-walking in knee osteoarthritis [Effects of retro-walking on pain, functional disability and performance in knee osteoarthritis]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04546659 (first posted 14 September 2020).
    1. Shabbir S, Hashim M, Sajjad R, Kayani MS, Syed FA, Ibrahim M, et al. Effects of retro-walking on pain, functional disability and performance in knee osteoarthritis. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 2022;16(2):38-41. [DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2216238] - DOI
Shahine 2020 {published data only}
    1. Shahine NF, El Ashri NI, Senna MK, Abd Elhameed SH. Effect of a pedometer based aerobic walking program on pain and function among elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis. European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine 2020;7(9):790-9.
Shen 2022 {published data only}
    1. Shen P, Li L, Song Q, Sun W, Zhang C, Fong DT, et al. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation improves symptoms among older adults with knee osteoarthritis during stair ascending: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2022;101(8):753-60. [DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001906] - DOI - PubMed
Shin 2017 {published data only}
    1. Shin YA, Suk MH, Jang HS, Choi HJ. Short-term effects of Theracurmin dose and exercise type on pain, walking ability, and muscle function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 2017;13(6):684-92. [DOI: 10.12965/jer.1735064.532] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Simao 2012 {published data only}
    1. Simao AP, Avelar NC, Tossige-Gomes R, Neves CD, Mendonca VA, Miranda AS, et al. Functional performance and inflammatory cytokines after squat exercises and whole-body vibration in elderly individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2012;93(10):1692-700. - PubMed
Song 2003 {published data only}
    1. Song R, Lee E-O, Lam P, Bae S-C. Effects of Tai Chi exercise on pain, balance, muscle strength, and perceived difficulties in physical functioning in older women with osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Rheumatology 2003;30:2039-44. - PubMed
Song 2020 {published data only}
    1. Song Q, Shen P, Mao M, Sun W, Zhang C, Li L. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation improves pain and descending mechanics among elderly with knee osteoarthritis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2020;30(9):1655-63. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13709] - DOI - PubMed
Takacs 2017 {published data only}
    1. Takacs J, Krowchuk NM, Garland SJ, Carpenter MG, Hunt MA. Dynamic balance training improves physical function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2017;98(8):1586-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.01.029] - DOI - PubMed
Talbot 2003 {published data only}
    1. Talbot LA, Gaines JM, Huynh TN, Metter EJ. A home-based pedometer-driven walking program to increase physical activity in older adults with osteoarthritis of the knee: a preliminary study. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 2003;51:387-92. - PubMed
Thomas 2002 {published data only}
    1. Thomas KS, Muir KR, Doherty M, Jones AC, O'Reilly SC, Bassey EJ. Home based exercise programme for knee pain and knee osteoarthritis: randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed) 2002;325:752-7. - PMC - PubMed
Thorstensson 2005 {published data only}
    1. Thorstensson CA, Roos EM, Petersson IF, Ekdahl C. Six-week high-intensity exercise program for middle-aged patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2005;6:27. - PMC - PubMed
Topp 2002 {published data only}
    1. Topp R, Woolley S, Horuyak J, Khuder S, Kahaleh B. The effect of dynamic versus isometric resistance training on pain and functioning among adults with osteoarthritis of the knee. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 2002;83:1187-95. - PubMed
Tsai 2013 {published data only}
    1. Tsai PF, Chang JY, Beck C, Kuo YF, Keefe FJ, Rosengren K. A supplemental report to a randomized cluster trial of a 20-week Sun-style Tai Chi for osteoarthritic knee pain in elders with cognitive impairment. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2015;23(4):570-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.06.001] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tsai PF, Chang JY, Beck C, Kuo YF, Keefe FJ. A pilot cluster-randomized trial of a 20-week Tai Chi program in elders with cognitive impairment and osteoarthritic knee: effects on pain and other health outcomes. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2013;45(4):660-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.04.009] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Van Baar 1998 {published data only}
    1. Van Baar ME, Dekker J, Oostendorp RA, Bijl D, Voorn TB, Bijlsma JW. Effectiveness of exercise in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee: nine months' follow up. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2001;60:1123-30. - PMC - PubMed
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Vassao 2021 {published data only}
    1. Vassao PG, De Souza AC, Da Silveira Campos RM, Garcia LA, Tucci HT, Renno AC. Effects of photobiomodulation and a physical exercise program on the expression of inflammatory and cartilage degradation biomarkers and functional capacity in women with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized blinded study. Advances in Rheumatology 2021;61(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s42358-021-00220-5] - DOI - PubMed
Vincent 2020 {published data only}
    1. Vincent HK, Vasilopoulos T, Vincent KR. Comparative efficacy of eccentric and concentric-focused resistance exercise on pain, leg strength and walking endurance in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2018;26 Suppl 1:S337.
    1. Vincent HK, Vincent KR. Collagen biomarker responses and pain in obese and nonobese individuals with knee OA after resistance exercise training. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2018;26 Suppl 1:S193-4.
    1. Vincent KR, Montero C, Vincent HK. Progressive enhanced eccentric or concentric resistance exercise training for knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013;1:S275-6.
    1. Vincent KR, Vincent HK. Concentric and eccentric resistance training comparison on physical function and functional pain outcomes in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2020;99(10):932-40. [DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001450] - DOI - PubMed
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Wallis 2017 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12615000015549. Prescribing the maximum tolerated dose of walking for people with severe knee osteoarthritis: a phase II, randomised controlled trial. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=1261... (registered on 14 January 2015).
    1. Wallis JA, Webster KE, Levinger P, Singh PJ, Fong C, Taylor NF. A walking program for people with severe knee osteoarthritis did not reduce pain but may have benefits for cardiovascular health: a phase II randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017;25(12):1969-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.12.017] - DOI - PubMed
Wang 2011 {published data only}
    1. Wang TJ, Lee SC, Liang SY, Tung HH, Wu SF, Lin YP. Comparing the efficacy of aquatic exercises and land-based exercises for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2011;20(17-18):2609-22. - PubMed
Wortley 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wortley M, Zhang S, Paquette M, Byrd E, Baumgartner L, Klipple G, et al. Effects of resistance and Tai Ji training on mobility and symptoms in knee osteoarthritis patients. Journal of Sport and Health Science 2013;2(4):209-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2013.01.001] - DOI
Xiao 2021 {published data only}
    1. Xiao Z, Li G. The effect of Wuqinxi exercises on the balance function and subjective quality of life in elderly, female knee osteoarthritis patients. American Journal of Translational Research 2021;13(6):6710-6. - PMC - PubMed
Ye 2020 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR-IOR-16010042. Biomechanics effects of Tai Chi in patients with knee osteoarthritis [Effect of qigong in elderly with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial]. ChiCTR-IOR-16010042 2016.
    1. Ye J, Simpson MW, Liu Y, Lin W, Zhong W, Cai S, et al. The effects of Baduanjin Qigong on postural stability, proprioception, and symptoms of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Medicine 2020;6:(no pagination). [DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00307] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Øiestad 2023 {published data only}
    1. Oiestad BE, Aaroen A, Rotterud J, Osteras N, Jarstad E, Risberg M. The effect of strength training or cycling on quality of life and knee function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2023;31 Suppl 1:S151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.01.114] - DOI
    1. Øiestad BE, Årøen A, Røtterud JH, Østerås N, Jarstad E, Grotle M, et al. The efficacy of strength or aerobic exercise on quality of life and knee function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A multi-arm randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2023;24(4):714. [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06831-x] - DOI - PMC - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Actrn12615000227594 {published data only}
    1. Actrn12615000227594. Stepped Care Approach for Medial Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis (STrEAMline)STrEAMline: the remission of symptoms in tibiofemoral osteoarthritis following an adaptive treatment strategy in overweight/obese participants. Actrn12615000227594 2015.
Actrn12616000273482 {published data only}
    1. Actrn12616000273482. Feasibility and potential benefits of high-intensity interval cycling for knee osteoarthritic patients: a randomised control feasibility trial? Is high-intensity interval cycling feasible and more beneficial than continuous cycling for knee osteoarthritic patients? Actrn12616000273482 2016. - PMC - PubMed
Actrn12618001280291 {published data only}
    1. Actrn12618001280291. The effect of a virtual reality-based therapy on functions in older adult with knee osteoarthritis. Actrn12618001280291 2018.
Actrn12620001281987 {published data only}
    1. Actrn12620001281987. Modifying activity behaviours in osteoarthritis. The best activity is the next activity: the effect of replacing sitting with moving on pain in people with osteoarthritis. Actrn12620001281987 2020.
Actrn12621000535875 {published data only}
    1. Actrn12621000535875. Is a digital knee brace helpful for patients with osteoarthritis? Evaluating a digital knee brace and mobile-based CBT application for the treatment of knee pain in adults aged 65 or younger with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot trial. Actrn12621000535875 2021.
Actrn12622000461796 {published data only}
    1. Actrn12622000461796. Exercise and weight loss for hip osteoarthritis: a clinical trial. Effectiveness of a telehealth-delivered clinician-supported exercise and weight loss program (Better Hip) for hip osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Actrn12622000461796 2022. - PMC - PubMed
Actrn12622001231730 {published data only}
    1. Actrn12622001231730. How should exercise and education be delivered in exercise physiology interventions in people with knee osteoarthritis? Feasibility of 'exercising into pain' in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Actrn12622001231730 2022.
Ageberg 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ageberg E, Link A, Roos EM. Feasibility of neuromuscular training in patients with severe hip or knee OA: the individualized goal-based NEMEX-TJR training program. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2010;11:126. - PMC - PubMed
Aglamis 2008 {published data only}
    1. Aglamis B, Toraman NF, Yaman H. Change of quality of life due to exercise training in knee osteoarthritis: SF-36 and WOMAC. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 2009;22(1):43-8. - PubMed
    1. Aglamis B, Toraman NF, Yaman H. The effect of a 12-week supervised multicomponent exercise program on knee OA in Turkish women. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 2008;21(2):121-8.
Ahmad 2023 {published data only}
    1. Ahmad MA, Yusof A, Hamid MS, Amin FH, Kamsan SS, Daud DM, et al. Effects of self-management program as adjunctive to usual rehabilitation exercise on pain and functional outcomes in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Research in Health Sciences 2023;23(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.104] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Akyol 2010 {published data only}
    1. Akyol Y, Durmus D, Alayli G, Tander B, Bek Y, Canturk F, et al. Does short-wave diathermy increase the effectiveness of isokinetic exercise on pain, function, knee muscle strength, quality of life, and depression in the patients with knee osteoarthritis? A randomized controlled clinical study. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 2010;46(3):325-36. - PubMed
Alfredo 2012 {published data only}
    1. Alfredo PP, Bjordal JM, Dreyer SH, Ferreira, Zaguetti G, Ovanessian V, et al. Efficacy of low level laser therapy associated with exercises in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind study. Clinical Rehabilitation 2012;26(6):523-33. - PubMed
Alkhawajah 2019 {published data only}
    1. Alkhawajah HA, Alshami AM. The effect of mobilization with movement on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019;20(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2841-4] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Allen 2021 {published data only}
    1. Allen KD, Bongiorni D, Caves K, Coffman CJ, Floegel TA, Greysen HM, et al. STepped exercise program for patients with knee OsteoArthritis (STEP-KOA): protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019;20(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2627-8] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Allen KD, Woolson S, Hoenig HM, Bongiorni D, Byrd J, Caves K, et al. Stepped exercise program for patients with knee osteoarthritis a randomized controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2021;174(3):298-307. [DOI: 10.7326/M20-4447] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kaufman B, Allen KD, Coffman CJ, Woolson S, Bongiorni D, Caves K, et al. Cc4 cost-effectiveness analysis of the stepped exercise program for patients with knee osteoarthritis (step-koa) trial. Value in Health 2020;23 Suppl 1:S2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.04.011] - DOI
    1. Kaufman BG, Allen KD, Coffman CJ, Woolson S, Caves K, Hall K, et al. Cost and quality of life outcomes of the stepped exercise program for patients with knee osteoarthritis trial. Value in Health 2022;25(4):614-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.09.018] - DOI - PubMed
    1. Nct02653768. Stepped exercise program for knee osteoarthritis [Stepped exercise program for knee osteoarthritis (STEP-KOA)]. Nct02653768 2016.
Anjum 2023 {published data only}
    1. Anjum N, Sheikh RK, Omer A, Anwar K, Khan MM, Aftab A, et al. Comparison of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization and proprioceptive neuromuscular stretching on hamstring flexibility in patients with knee osteoarthritis. PeerJ 2023;11:(no pagination). [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16506] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Anwer 2011 {published data only}
    1. Anwer S, Quddus N, Miraj M, Equebal A. Effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback training on quadriceps muscle strength in osteoarthritis of knee. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal 2011;29(2):86-93.
Aoki 2009 {published data only}
    1. Aoki O, Tsumura N, Kimura A, Okuyama S, Takikawa S, Hirata S. Home stretching exercise is effective for improving knee range of motion and gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Physical Therapy Science 2009;21(2):113-9.
Aree‐Ue 2017 {published data only}
    1. Aree-Ue S, Saraboon Y, Belza B. Long-term adherence and effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention for community-dwelling overweight Thai older adults with knee osteoarthritis: 1-year follow up. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 2017;43(4):40-8. [DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20170111-09] - DOI - PubMed
Armagan 2015 {published data only}
    1. Armagan O, Yilmazer S, CCalisir, Ozgen M, Tascioglu F, Oner S, et al. Comparison of the symptomatic and chondroprotective effects of glucosamine sulphate and exercise treatments in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 2015;28(2):287-93. [DOI: 10.3233/BMR-140516] - DOI - PubMed
Atamaz 2006 {published data only}
    1. Atamaz F, Kirazli Y, Akkoc Y, Atamaz F, Kirazli Y, Akkoc Y. A comparison of two different intra-articular hyaluronan drugs and physical therapy in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology International 2006;26:873-8. - PubMed
Atamaz 2012 {published data only}
    1. Atamaz FC, Durmaz B, Baydar M, Demircioglu OY, Iyiyapici A, Kuran B, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, interferential currents, and shortwave diathermy in knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2012;93(5):748-56. - PubMed
Ay 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ay S, Koldas Dogan S, Evcik D. Is there an effective way to prescribe a home-based exercise program in patients with knee osteoarthritis? A randomized controlled study [Diz osteoartriti olan hastalarda ev egzersiz programi onermenin etkili bir yolu var midir? Randomize kontrollu bir calısma]. Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 2013;59(1):1-6. [DOI: 10.4274/tftr.70894] - DOI
Bell 2023c {published data only}
    1. Bell E, O'Halloran P, Wallis J, Crossley K, Gibbs A, Lee A, et al. Using SUpported Motivational InTerviewing (SUMIT) to improve physical activity for people with knee osteoarthritis. A pilot, feasibility randomised controlled trial. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2023;26 Suppl 2:S168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.08.073] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bell EC, O'Halloran P, Wallis JA, Crossley KM, Gibbs A, Annemarie L, et al. Supported motivational interviewing (SUMIT) to improve physical activity for people with knee osteoarthritis. A pilot, feasibility randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2023;31(5):714-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.02.068] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bell EC, O'Halloran P, Wallis JA, Crossley KM, Gibbs AJ, Lee A, et al. Using SUpported Motivational InTerviewing (SUMIT) to increase physical activity for people with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot, feasibility randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023;13(11):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075014] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Bennell 2005 {published data only}
    1. Bennell KL, Himan RS, Metcalf BR, Buchbinder R, McConnell J, McColl G, et al. Efficacy of physiotherapy management of knee joint osteoarthritis: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2005;64:906-12. - PMC - PubMed
Bezalel 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bezalel T, Carmeli E, Katz-Leurer M. The effect of a group education programme on pain and function through knowledge acquisition and home-based exercise among patients with knee osteoarthritis: a parallel randomised single-blind clinical trial. Physiotherapy 2010;96(2):137-43. - PubMed
Bhalekar 2017 {published data only}
    1. Bhalekar PA, Bagade VK. The effect of core strengthening exercises along with conventional treatment on knee joint proprioception, balance, and functional disability in patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy 2017;11(3):90-5. [DOI: 10.5958/0973-5674.2017.00080.6] - DOI
Bhore 2023 {published data only}
    1. Bhore P, Shinde S. Effect of multi-component exercises program on pain-related gait adaptations among individuals with osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Journal of Education & Health Promotion 2023;12:138. [DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1628_22] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Boocock 2009 {published data only}
    1. Boocock M, McNair P, Cicuttini F, Stuart A, Sinclair T. The short-term effects of running on the deformation of knee articular cartilage and its relationship to biomechanical loads at the knee. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2009;17(7):883-90. - PubMed
Borjesson 1996 {published data only}
    1. Borjesson M, Robertson E, Weidenhielm L, Mattsson E, Olsson E. Physiotherapy in knee osteoarthrosis effect on pain and walking. Physiotherapy Research International 1996;1:89-97. - PubMed
Brosseau 2012a {published data only}
    1. Brosseau L, Wells G, Kenny G, Reid R, Maetzel A, Tugwell P, et al. The impact of a community-based aerobic walking program for older individuals with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom) 2011;1:eS161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2011.04.002] - DOI
    1. Brosseau L, Wells GA, Kenny GP, Reid R, Maetzel A, Tugwell P, et al. The implementation of a community-based aerobic walking program for mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (OA): a knowledge translation (KT) randomized controlled trial (RCT): Part I: The Uptake of the Ottawa Panel clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). BMC Public Health 2012;12:871. - PMC - PubMed
Brosseau 2012b {published data only}
    1. Brosseau L, Wells GA, Kenny GP, Reid R, Maetzel A, Tugwell P, et al. The implementation of a community-based aerobic walking program for mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (OA): a knowledge translation (KT) randomized controlled trial (RCT): Part I: The Uptake of the Ottawa Panel clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). BMC Public Health 2012;12:871. - PMC - PubMed
Bulthuis 2007 {published data only}
    1. Bulthuis Y, Drossaers-Bakker KW, Taal E, Rasker J, Oostveen J, Van't Pad Bosch P, et al. Arthritis patients show long-term benefits from 3 weeks intensive exercise training directly following hospital discharge. Rheumatology 2007;46(11):1712-7. - PubMed
Bulthuis 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bulthuis Y, Mohammad S, Braakman-Jansen LM, Drossaers-Bakker KW, Van de Laar M. Cost-effectiveness of intensive exercise therapy directly following hospital discharge in patients with arthritis: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2008;59(2):247-54. - PubMed
Cagnin 2020 {published data only}
    1. Cagnin A, Choiniere M, Bureau NJ, Durand M, Mezghani N, Gaudreault N, et al. A multi-arm cluster randomized clinical trial of the use of knee kinesiography in the management of osteoarthritis patients in a primary care setting. Postgraduate Medicine 2020;132(1):91-101. [DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2019.1665457] - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cagnin A, Choiniere M, Bureau NJ, Durand M, Mezghani N, Gaudreault N, et al. Targeted exercises can improve biomechanical markers in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a secondary analysis from a cluster randomized controlled trial. Knee 2023;40:122-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2022.10.008] - DOI - PubMed
Callaghan 1995 {published data only}
    1. Callaghan MJ, Oldham JA, Hunt J. An evaluation of exercise regimes for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 1995;9:213-8.
Centor 2023 {published data only}
    1. Centor RM, Perez PL. Web exclusive. Annals on call - exercise for knee osteoarthritis: is more better? Annals of Internal Medicine 2023;176(3):eA220006. [DOI: 10.7326/A22-0006] - DOI - PubMed
Cetin 2008 {published data only}
    1. Cetin N, Aytar A, Atalay A, Akman MN. Comparing hot pack, short-wave diathermy, ultrasound, and TENS on isokinetic strength, pain, and functional status of women with osteoarthritic knees: a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2008;87(6):443-51. - PubMed
Chaipinyo 2009 {published data only}
    1. Chaipinyo K, Karoonsupcharoen O. No difference between home-based strength training and home-based balance training on pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised trial. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 2009;55(1):25-30. - PubMed
Chamberlain 1982 {published data only}
    1. Chamberlain MA, Care G, Harfield B. Physiotherapy in osteoarthrosis of the knees. A controlled trial of hospital versus home exercises. International Rehabilitation Medicine 1982;4:101-6. - PubMed
Chang 2019 {published data only}
    1. Chang AH, Lee J, Song J, Price LL, Lee AC, Reid KF, et al. Association between pre-intervention physical activity level and treatment response to exercise therapy in persons with knee osteoarthritis-an exploratory study. ACR Open Rheumatology 2019;1(2):104-12. [DOI: 10.1002/acr2.1013] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Chao 2021 {published data only}
    1. Chao J, Jing Z, Xuehua B, Peilei Y, Qi G. Effect of systematic exercise rehabilitation on patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Cartilage 2021;13:1734S-1740S. [DOI: 10.1177/1947603520903443] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Chen 2021b {published data only}
    1. Chen PY, Song CY, Yen HY, Lin PC, Chen SR, Lu LH, et al. Impacts of tai Chi exercise on functional fitness in community-dwelling older adults with mild degenerative knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Geriatrics 2021;21(1):449. [DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02390-9] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
ChiCTR1800015203 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR1800015203. The effect of YIJINJING on knee stability in knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR1800015203 2018.
ChiCTR2000031887 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2000031887. Effects of exercise combined with compound amino acid glucose intervention on middle-aged and elderly osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2000031887 2020.
ChiCTR2000033370 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2000033370. The biomechanical effectiveness of the Taichi exercise in the management of knee OA: a randomized controlled trial. ChiCTR2000033370 2020.
ChiCTR2000033397 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2000033397. The feasibility and effectiveness of internet-based rehabilitation for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial in the community setting. ChiCTR2000033397 2020. - PMC - PubMed
ChiCTR2000037083 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2000037083. Clinical application study of Yijinjing in preventing and treating knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2000037083 2020.
ChiCTR2000037256 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2000037256. Study on the mechanism of regulating the balance of tendon and bone strength in knee osteoarthritis with Yijinjing. ChiCTR2000037256 2020.
ChiCTR2000037303 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2000037303. The clinical study of weight-loss gait training on improving lower limb joint function in elderly patients with osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2000037303 2020.
ChiCTR2000038158 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2000038158. Effects of a WeChat-based transtheoretical model-based home-exercise intervention for older adults with knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2000038158 2020.
ChiCTR2000039005 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2000039005. The effectiveness of leg swing exercise versus quadriceps strengthening in treating patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. ChiCTR2000039005 2020.
ChiCTR2100041978 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2100041978. Video-linked by physiotherapists and supported by family, exercise and education for community-dwelling older patients with knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2100041978 2021.
ChiCTR2100044586 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2100044586. Clinical observation on the improvement of lower limb function of patients with knee osteoarthritis by South Shaolin kung [Application study of South Shaolin kung to improve lower limb function in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. ChiCTR2100044586 2021.
ChiCTR2100045654 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2100045654. Study on the effect of kneeling on balance ability of knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2100045654 2021.
ChiCTR2100052416 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2100052416. Research on the combined effect of systemic nutrition and rhythmic exercise on people with abnormal metabolism of motor system. ChiCTR2100052416 2021.
ChiCTR2100053574 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2100053574. To explore the effect mechanism of Taijiquan in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis from the perspective of rehabilitation omics. ChiCTR2100053574 2021.
ChiCTR2300067530 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2300067530. Effects of home-based heel-kicking and stretching exercise on pain and joint function in the acute phase of moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2300067530 2023.
ChiCTR2300067546 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2300067546. A randomized controlled trial of modified eight-stage taijiquan for intervention in early to mid-stage knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2300067546 2023.
ChiCTR2300070376 {published data only}
    1. Electroacupuncture versus exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. ChiCTR2300070376 2023. - PMC - PubMed
ChiCTR2300070872 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2300070872. Internet plus continuous rehabilitation nursing combined with lower limb quadriceps femoris muscle strength training for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. ChiCTR2300070872 2023.
ChiCTR2300071181 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2300071181. Research on remote rehabilitation treatment model of knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2300071181 2023.
ChiCTR2300072820 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2300072820. Effect of blood flow restriciton training in patients with knee OA. ChiCTR2300072820 2023.
ChiCTR2300073480 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2300073480. Construction and effect evaluation of progressive phased resistance exercise intervention scheme for obese subjects with knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2300073480 2023.
ChiCTR2300073688 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2300073688. Effect of the telemedicine-supported multicomponent exercise therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial [Digital exercise therapy for the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a clinical study protocol]. ChiCTR2300073688 2023. - PMC - PubMed
ChiCTR‐IIR‐16009240 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR-IIR-16009240. Two methods of treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Manual therapy combined with cryotherapy versus kinesiotherapy combined with cryotherapy for knee osteoarthritis treatment: a randomized trial. ChiCTR-IIR-16009240 2016.
ChiCTR‐INR‐17014012 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR-INR-17014012. Effect of three different physical therapy approaches on function and disability of the knee joint in patients with knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR-INR-17014012 2017.
ChiCTR‐IOR‐16009124 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR-IOR-16009124. The effect of hip muscle training on knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR-IOR-16009124 2016.
ChiCTR‐IOR‐17013324 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR-IOR-17013324. Study on the clinical intervention of hip joint training in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR-IOR-17013324 2017.
Cho 2015 {published data only}
    1. Cho Y, Kim M, Lee W. Effect of proprioceptive training on foot posture, lower limb alignment, and knee adduction moment in patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Physical Therapy Science 2015;27(2):371-4. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.272.371] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ciolac 2011 {published data only}
    1. Ciolac EG, Greve J. Muscle strength and exercise intensity adaptation to resistance training in older women with knee osteoarthritis and total knee arthroplasty. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2011;66(12):2079-84. - PMC - PubMed
Crotty 2009 {published data only}
    1. Crotty M, Prendergast J, Battersby MW, Rowett D, Graves SE, Leach G, et al. Self-management and peer support among people with arthritis on a hospital joint replacement waiting list: a randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2009;17(11):1428-33. - PubMed
Ctri/2014/01/004270 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2014/01/004270. Trial of 2 conservative therapies for knee arthritis patients [Comparative impact of two packages of non pharmacological interventions on quality of life of knee osteoarthritis patients reporting at a tertiary care institution - a randomized control trial]. Ctri/2014/01/004270 2014.
Ctri/2015/01/005485 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2015/01/005485. To check the effect of strengthening exercises and manual therapy in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Ctri/2015/01/005485 2015.
Ctri/2018/03/012620 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2018/03/012620. Long term benefits of specific physiotherapy for patients with osteoarthritis of knee [Long term efficacy of Mulligan mobilization with movement on pain and functional status in patients with osteoarthritis of knee joint. A randomized clinical trial]. Ctri/2018/03/012620 2018.
Ctri/2019/01/017049 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2019/01/017049. To compare the effect of routienly done strengthening exercises versus joint position sence trining in patients with early osteoarthritis [Effectiveness of proprioceptive training Vversus conventional exercises on postural sway in patients with early knee osteoarthritis]. Ctri/2019/01/017049 2019.
Ctri/2019/09/021331 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2019/09/021331. Using a type of machine with current to reduce pain in patients with knee pain effects of wireless electric stimulation on pain and disability in patient with osteoarthritis knee: a randomized controlled trial. Ctri/2019/09/021331 2019.
Ctri/2020/03/023737 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2020/03/023737. Effectiveness of specific physiotherapy evaluation and treatment in decreasing pain and improving joint function among individuals with mechanical knee pain [Effectiveness of Mckenzie method of evaluation and treatment for mechanical disorders of knee joint]. Ctri/2020/03/023737 2020.
Ctri/2020/03/024311 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2020/03/024311. Knee School for patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis [Pilot the concept of knee school in outpatient department settings at PGIMER, Chandigarh for improving the quality of life of patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis through a randomised controlled trial]. Ctri/2020/03/024311 2020.
Ctri/2020/06/025912 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2020/06/025912. Application of selected yoga asana on treatment of osteoarthritis in knee [Comparison between effects of select yoga asana with exercise therapy in osteoarthritis of knee joint]. Ctri/2020/06/025912 2020.
Ctri/2020/06/025973 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2020/06/025973. Effect of core stability and hip strengthening exercise to reduce pain, improve function and to enhance daily life activity in patients with osteoarthritis of knee. Ctri/2020/06/025973 2020.
Ctri/2020/07/026397 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2020/07/026397. Hip strengthening exercise in knee osteoarthritis [Effectiveness of hip strengthening exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Ctri/2020/07/026397 2020.
Ctri/2020/11/028915 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2020/11/028915. Effect of active vs passive exercise in knee pain [Effect of active vs passive movement with mobilization on pain & range of motion in patients with chronic osteoarthritis knee]. Ctri/2020/11/028915 2020.
Ctri/2020/11/029138 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2020/11/029138. There is scarcity of literature as whether isokinetic exercise or electromyography biofeedback along with conventional physiotherapy is more effective to strengthen vastus medialis oblique in osteoarthritis knee to reduce pain and increase range of motion. Ctri/2020/11/029138 2020.
Ctri/2021/01/030519 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2021/01/030519. Effect of combined kinetic chain exercises on vastus medialis oblique muscle thickness measured with ultrasound in patients with knee osteoarthrits [Effect of open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain exercises on vastus medialis oblique muscle volume and]. Ctri/2021/01/030519 2021.
Ctri/2021/04/033203 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2021/04/033203. Effect of muscle strengthening on walking angle in osteoarthritis knee [Effect of core muscle and antigravity muscle strengthening on foot progression angle in patients with osteoarthritis knee: a randomized control trial]. Ctri/2021/04/033203 2021.
Ctri/2021/09/036724 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2021/09/036724. Effects of pilates and egoscue exercises in subjects with knee osteoarthritis [Comparative effective of pilates and egoscue exercises on pain, function, proprioception and peak muscle torque in subjects with knee osteoarthritis- a randomized parallel group]. Ctri/2021/09/036724 2021.
Ctri/2022/03/041074 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2022/03/041074. Effect of weight resistance exercises versus band exercises on knee pain [Effect of resistance training using weight cuff versus theraband resistance training of knee extensors on knee Q angle and gait in knee osteoarthritis. A randomized control trail]. Ctri/2022/03/041074 2022.
Ctri/2022/05/042506 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2022/05/042506. Effect of alternate heat and cold treatment by water and device to reduce pain and improve knee movement and physical activities in people with knee pain due to osteoarthritis. Ctri/2022/05/042506 2022.
Ctri/2022/10/046835 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2022/10/046835. Effects of activity modification with weight bearing exercises on pain and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis â?? A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Ctri/2022/10/046835 2022.
Ctri/2022/12/048269 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2022/12/048269. To know the effect of Unani massage and exercise in knee osteoarthritis [Clinical evaluation of efficacy of Dalk with Roghan e Ahmar jadeed and Riyazat (knee strengthening Eexercise) in knee osteoarthritis]. Ctri/2022/12/048269 2022.
Ctri/2023/01/049164 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/01/049164. Efficacy of floss band technique along with conventional approach in management of knee osteoarthritis [Ctri/2023/01/049164]. Ctri/2023/01/049164 2023.
Ctri/2023/04/051550 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/04/051550. A clinical trial to find out the effect of resisted exercises in improving walking pattern in oa knee subjects [Efficacy of progressive resisted training of lower extremity muscles and core muscles in improving early stage osteoarthritis of knee]. Ctri/2023/04/051550 2023.
Ctri/2023/04/051625 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/04/051625. Effectiveness of a new exercise (wall touch single limb stance) in patients with osteoarthritis knee. Ctri/2023/04/051625 2023.
Ctri/2023/05/053101 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/05/053101. Effect of pain education and cognition targeted exercises on pain, disability and quality of life in knee osteoarthritis patients. Ctri/2023/05/053101 2023.
Ctri/2023/06/053585 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/06/053585. Cycling for muscle strength in Knee Osteoarthritis [Effect of stationary cycling on quality of life, pain & isokinetic strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Ctri/2023/06/053585 2023.
Ctri/2023/07/054805 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/07/054805. Effectivness of core exercise training in patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis - a randomized controlled trial. Ctri/2023/07/054805 2023.
Ctri/2023/07/054846 {published data only}
    1. To increase power of muscles to decline the pain and correct balance with virtual reality exercise in osteoarthritis patients of knee. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2023.
Ctri/2023/07/055413 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/07/055413. The effectiveness of structured exercise based rehabilitation program in patients with early osteoarthritis knee. Ctri/2023/07/055413 2023.
Ctri/2023/07/055542 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/07/055542. Effect of 6-week exercise programme on gait patterns, muscle activation and balance in patients with osteoarthritis of knee. Ctri/2023/07/055542 2023.
Ctri/2023/08/056055 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/08/056055. Impact of polyvagal and knee strengthning execises on pain and quality of life in female paitents with knee osteoarthritis. Ctri/2023/08/056055 2023.
Ctri/2023/08/056749 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/08/056749. A study to compare the effectiveness of nirgundi patra upanaha and koladi upanaha in janusandhigata vata (knee osteoarthritis). Ctri/2023/08/056749 2023.
Ctri/2023/08/056896 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/08/056896. Physiotherapy for knee osteoarthritis. Ctri/2023/08/056896 2023.
Ctri/2023/08/057102 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/08/057102. Effectiveness of Better Management for DegenerativeJoint Disease for Knee Program on pain and functions in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Ctri/2023/08/057102 2023.
Ctri/2023/08/057124 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/08/057124. Effects of exercise on arthritic knee cartilage [Impact of exercises on cartilage health, physical performance and quality of life in subjects with knee osteoarthritis]. Ctri/2023/08/057124 2023.
Ctri/2023/10/058883 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/10/058883. Evaluating the impact of fast paced and slow paced exercises n strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Ctri/2023/10/058883 2023.
Cui 2023 {published data only}
    1. Cui D, Lei Y. Diet and exercise and knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis and overweight or obesity. JAMA 2023;329(15):1317-8. [DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.2533] - DOI - PubMed
Dantas 2023 {published data only}
    1. Dantas G, Sacco IC, Dos Santos AF, Watari R, Matias AB, Serrao P, et al. Effects of a foot-ankle strengthening programme on clinical aspects and gait biomechanics in people with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020;10(9):e039279. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039279] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Darlow 2023 {published data only}
    1. Darlow B, Brown M, Stanley J, Abbott JH, Briggs AM, Clark J, et al. Reducing the burden of knee osteoarthritis through community pharmacy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the Knee Care for Arthritis through Pharmacy Service. Musculoskeletal Care 2023;21(4):1053-67. [DOI: 10.1002/msc.1785] - DOI - PubMed
De Oliveira 2020 {published data only}
    1. De Oliveira Silva D, Pazzinatto MF, Crossley KM, Azevedo FM, Barton CJ. Novel stepped care approach to provide education and exercise therapy for patellofemoral pain: feasibility study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020;22(7):e18584. [DOI: 10.2196/18584] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
De Olivera 2017 {published data only}
    1. De Oliveira Gondim IT, Da Costa Torres A, Baudel de Lacerda AT, DQ Kuhni Fernandes, Costa do Couto M, Carneiro Pedrosa MA. Effects of a therapeutic exercises program associated with pompage technique on pain, balance and strength in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Fisioterapia em Movimento 2017;30:S11p. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.030.S01.AO01] - DOI
Deyle 2000 {published data only}
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Deyle 2005 {published data only}
    1. Deyle GD, Allison SC, Matekel RL, Ryder MG, Stang JM, Gohdes DD, et al. Physical therapy treatment effectiveness for osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized comparison of supervised clinical exercise and manual therapy procedures versus a home exercise program. Physical Therapy 2005;12:1301-17. - PubMed
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Diracoglu 2005 {published data only}
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Doi 2008 {published data only}
    1. Doi T, Akai M, Fujino K, Iwaya T, Kurosawa H, Hayashi K, et al. Effect of home exercise of quadriceps on knee osteoarthritis compared with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2008;87(4):258-69. - PubMed
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Drks00024160 {published data only}
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    1. Drks00025033. Individualized exercise promotion program for people with multiple manifested risk factors to increase physical exercise in the long term (MultiPill-Exercise). Drks00025033 2021.
Duman 2012 {published data only}
    1. Duman I, Taskaynatan MA, Mohur H, Tan AK. Assessment of the impact of proprioceptive exercises on balance and proprioception in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology International 2012;32(12):3793-8. - PubMed
Durmus 2007 {published data only}
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Durmus 2012 {published data only}
    1. Durmus D, Alayli G, Bayrak IK, Canturk F. Assessment of the effect of glucosamine sulfate and exercise on knee cartilage using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 2012;25(4):275-84. - PubMed
Ebnezar 2012a {published data only}
    1. Ebnezar J, Nagarathna R, Yogitha B, Nagendra HR. Effects of an integrated approach of hatha yoga therapy on functional disability, pain, and flexibility in osteoarthritis of the knee joint: a randomized controlled study. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) 2012;18(5):463-72. - PubMed
Ebnezar 2012b {published data only}
    1. Ebnezar J, Nagarathna R, Yogitha B, Nagendra HR. Effect of integrated yoga therapy on pain, morning stiffness and anxiety in osteoarthritis of the knee joint: a randomized control study. International Journal of Yoga 2012;5(1):28-36. - PMC - PubMed
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Eyigor 2004 {published data only}
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Fan 2023 {published data only}
    1. Fan T, Zeng M, Zhu Z. Diet and exercise and knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis and overweight or obesity. JAMA 2023;329(15):1316-7. [DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.2536] - DOI - PubMed
Farr 2010 {published data only}
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    1. Feng Y, Wu Y, Liu H, Bao T, Wang C, Wang Z, et al. Effect of the telemedicine-supported multicomponent exercise therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023;24(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07749-4] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Fitzgerald GK, Piva SR, Gil AB, Wisniewski SR, Oddis CV, Irrgang JJ. Agility and perturbation training techniques in exercise therapy for reducing pain and improving function in people with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Physical Therapy 2011;91(4):452-69. - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Foroughi N, Smith RM, Lange AK, Baker MK, Fiatarone Singh MA, Vanwanseele B. Lower limb muscle strengthening does not change frontal plane moments in women with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) 2011;26(2):167-74. - PubMed
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    1. Foster NE, Nicholls E, Holden MA, Healey EL, Hay EM. Improving the effectiveness of exercise therapy for adults with knee osteoarthritis: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (BEEP trial). Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation 2023;5(2):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2023.100266] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Ghandali 2017 {published data only}
    1. Ghandali E, Moghadam ST, Hadian MR, Olyaei G, Jalaie S, Sajjadi E. The effect of Tai Chi exercises on postural stability and control in older patients with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2017;21(3):594-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.09.001] - DOI - PubMed
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    1. Gill SD, McBurney H, Schulz DL. Land-based versus pool-based exercise for people awaiting joint replacement surgery of the hip or knee: results of a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009;90(3):388-94. - PubMed
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    1. Gohir S, Abhishek A, Kelly A, Valdes AM. A randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of internet-based exercises aimed at treating knee osteoarthritis (ibeat-OA). Arthritis & Rheumatology 2020;72 Suppl 10:2997-9. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41538] - DOI
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    1. Gremion G, Gaillard D, Leyvraz PF, Jolles BM. Effect of biomagnetic therapy versus physiotherapy for treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine [Stiftelsen Rehabiliteringsinformation] 2009;41(13):1090-5. - PubMed
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Gustavsson 2023 {published data only}
    1. Gustavsson L, Mohaddes M, Samsson K, Beischer S. No major difference in perceived quality of care in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis assessed in a physical therapy-led triage compared with standard care: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2023;24(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06659-5] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Hammami 2022 {published data only}
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    1. Helmark IC, Mikkelsen UR, Borglum J, Rothe A, Petersen MC, Andersen O, et al. Exercise increases interleukin-10 levels both intraarticularly and peri-synovially in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2010;12(4):R126. - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Helmark IC, Petersen MC, Christensen HE, Kjaer M, Langberg H. Moderate loading of the human osteoarthritic knee joint leads to lowering of intraarticular cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. Rheumatology International 2012;32(4):1009-14. - PubMed
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    1. Hoeksma HL, Dekker J, Ronday HK, Heering A, Van der Lubbe N, Vel C, et al. Comparison of manual therapy and exercise therapy in osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2004;51:722-9. - PubMed
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    1. Clausen B, Holsgaard-Larsen A, Sondergaard J, Christensen R, Andriacchi TP, Roos EM. The effect on knee-joint load of instruction in analgesic use compared with neuromuscular exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial (the EXERPHARMA trial). Trials 2014;15(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-444] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Huang 2018 {published data only}
    1. Huang L, Guo B, Xu F, Zhao J. Effects of quadriceps functional exercise with isometric contraction in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2018;21(5):952-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.13082] - DOI - PubMed
Huang 2021 {published data only}
    1. Huang CC, Wang HH, Chen KC, Yang KJ, Chang LY, Shiang TY, et al. Effects of a dynamic combined training on impulse response for middle-aged and elderly patients with osteoporosis and knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 2021;33(1):115-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01508-0] - DOI - PubMed
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    1. Hunt MA, Pollock CL, Kraus VB, Saxne T, Peters S, Huebner JL, et al. Relationships amongst osteoarthritis biomarkers, dynamic knee joint load, and exercise: results from a randomized controlled pilot study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2013;14:115. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-115] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Hunter 2023 {published data only}
    1. Bowden JL, Hunter DJ, Hinman RS, Egerton T, Briggs AM, Bunker SJ, et al. Optimising management of knee osteoarthritis in primary care (partner): a cluster randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2023;31 Suppl 1:S29-S30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.01.519] - DOI
    1. Hunter DJ, Bowden JL, Hinman RS, Egerton T, Briggs AM, Bunker SJ, et al, Team Partner Study. Effectiveness of a new service delivery model for management of knee osteoarthritis in primary care: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care & Research 2023;75(6):1320-2. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.25037] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Hurley MV, Scott DL. Improvements in quadriceps sensorimotor function and disability of patients with knee osteoarthritis following a clinically practicable exercise regime. British Journal of Rheumatology 1998;37:1181-7. - PubMed
Hurley 2020 {published data only}
    1. Hurley DA, Jeffares I, Hall AM, Keogh A, Toomey E, McArdle D, et al. Feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating a theory-driven group-based complex intervention versus usual physiotherapy to support self-management of osteoarthritis and low back pain (SOLAS). Trials 2020;21(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04671-x] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Irct20100811004549n10 {published data only}
    1. Irct20100811004549n10. The effect of exercise on the balance of patients with knee osteoarthritis [Comparison of the effect of anaerobic strengthening exercises and aerobic exercise (walking) on the balance of patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20100811004549n10 2018.
Irct20101017004952n6 {published data only}
    1. Irct20101017004952n6. The effects of MWM techniques on the center of pressure sway changes in knee osteoarthritis. Irct20101017004952n6 2019.
Irct20101228005486n6 {published data only}
    1. Irct20101228005486n6. Therapeutic exercise in knee osteoarthritis. Irct20101228005486n6 2019.
Irct20131225015932n18 {published data only}
    1. Irct20131225015932n18. The evaluation of the priming effect of transcranial direct current stimulation over primary motor cortex and primary somatosensory cortex on the effect of exercise training on pain, function, balance, kinesiophobia and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Irct20131225015932n18 2023.
Irct2014093019346n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct2014093019346n1. Effect of quadriceps muscle strengthening exercises on the fiber angle ratio of vastus medialis obliquus to vastus lateralis in patient wit patellofemoral pain syndrome. Irct2014093019346n1 2014.
Irct2015010120526n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct2015010120526n1. Self-management program for patients with osteoarthritis. Irct2015010120526n1 2015.
Irct20150519022320n33 {published data only}
    1. Irct20150519022320n33. Comparison of effect of Swedish massage and hip strengthening exercises on pain, range of motion and daily life function in the elderly with knee osteoarthritis. Irct20150519022320n33 2023.
Irct20150602022539n11 {published data only}
    1. Irct20150602022539n11. Effect of whole body vibration training, on the lower limb muscles’ electromyography and timing of activation in patients with knee osteoarthritis during functional activity. Irct20150602022539n11 2021.
Irct2015081123593n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct2015081123593n1. The effect of patellar taping and patellar bracing on pain and fuction in females with knee pain [Comparison of patellar taping versus patellar bracing with exercise therapy on pain and function in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome]. Irct2015081123593n1 2015.
Irct201604041552n6 {published data only}
    1. Irct201604041552n6. Comparison of the effects of routine physiotherapy and Pilates exercise on pain, function and quality of life in women with knee osteoarthritis. Irct201604041552n6 2016.
Irct2016061428406n2 {published data only}
    1. Irct2016061428406n2. Effects of resistance exercise training on postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis. Irct2016061428406n2 2016.
Irct2016070727359n3 {published data only}
    1. Irct2016070727359n3. The effect of isokinetic exercise in patieuts with knee osteoarthritis [Evaluation of the effect of isokinetic exercise with conventional physiotherapy on power in patieuts with knee osteoarthritis]. Irct2016070727359n3 2017.
Irct201608044641n12 {published data only}
    1. Effectiveness of extra corporal shock wave therapy in the treatment of knee arthritis. Irct201608044641n12 2017.
Irct2016120415932n12 {published data only}
    1. Irct2016120415932n12. The effect of core training using unstable sitting in patients with patrllofemoral pain syndrome [The effect of postural control training using unstable sitting on knee joint pain and function in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome]. Irct2016120415932n12 2017.
Irct20161208031300n2 {published data only}
    1. Irct20161208031300n2. Reviews of the effectiveness of the learning-based mobile application (mobile app) to improve physical function of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee ladies. Irct20161208031300n2 2019.
Irct2017013032251n2 {published data only}
    1. Irct2017013032251n2. Knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation [Effect of tele rehabilitation compared with rehabilitation at the clinic in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee]. Irct2017013032251n2 2017.
Irct20180226038870n2 {published data only}
    1. Irct20180226038870n2. Evaluation if weight bearing exercises on patients with knee osteoarthritis treated by stromal cells [Evaluation of weight bearing exercises on pain and physical function of patients with knee osteoarthritis treated by implantation of autologous bone marrow]. Irct20180226038870n2 2021.
Irct20180314039092n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20180314039092n1. The effect of Tai Chi exercise and glucosamine supplementation on prevention of fall in the elderly women whit knee osteoarthritis [Comparison the effects of Tai Chi exercise and glucosamine supplementation on selected physical factors effective on balance]. Irct20180314039092n1 2018.
Irct20180627040251n5 {published data only}
    1. Irct20180627040251n5. Comparison between MSI and routine physiotherapy treatments in knee pain patients [The comparison of treatment using Movement System Impairment method with routine physical therapy in improving pain and function in patents with knee pain: a randomized clinical trial]. Irct20180627040251n5 2023.
Irct20181017041371n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20181017041371n1. Magnet therapy,acupuncture and isometric exercise in treatment knee osteoarthritis [Comparing the effectiveness of magnet therapy,acupuncture and isometric exercise in patients with chronic and moderate knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20181017041371n1 2019.
Irct20190116042386n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20190116042386n1. Effectiveness of a home-based exercise program via the mobile application (Varzeshyar) on pain and disability of knee osteoarthritis [Comparing the effectiveness of a home-based exercise program via the mobile application (Varzeshyar) and a routine home-bas]. Irct20190116042386n1 2019.
Irct20190222042801n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20190222042801n1. The effect of physiotherapy on knee paint [The effect of treatment based on movement system impairment classification theory in people with knee pain (a randomized control trial)]. Irct20190222042801n1 2020.
Irct20200203046360n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20200203046360n1. Effect of whole body vibration on muscle inhibition [Study effect of whole body vibration on arthrogenic muscle inhibition of quadriceps muscle in knee osteoarthritis patients]. Irct20200203046360n1 2020.
Irct20200825048523n2 {published data only}
    1. Irct20200825048523n2. The effect of strengthening exercises on anterior knee pain syndrome [The efficacy of of purposeful strengthening exercises based on biomechanical defects on ultrasonographic parameters and kinematic variables in people with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome]. Irct20200825048523n2 2022.
Irct20201031049207n2 {published data only}
    1. Patello femoral pain syndrome [Effects of Mulligan pain release phenomenon technique in the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome; a randomized controlled trial]. Irct20201031049207n2 2020.
Irct20210121050099n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20210121050099n1. Effects of Mulligan and muscle energy techniques on knee osteoarthritis [Comparison of effects of Mulligan techniques and muscle energy technique (MET) on pain and function in knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20210121050099n1 2021.
Irct20210321050752n4 {published data only}
    1. Irct20210321050752n4. Effects of virtual reality and routine physical therapy on balance and postural control [Effects of virtual reality and routine physical therapy on balance and postural control in adulthood population with risk of fall]. Irct20210321050752n4 2023.
Irct20210417050997n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20210417050997n1. The effect of neruomuscular exercises in patients with knee osteoarthritis [The effect of neruomuscular exercises in combination with cognitive-motivational and mindfulness interventions on pain, function, neurofeedback factores, kinesiophobia, and self-rep]. Irct20210417050997n1 2021.
Irct20210815052194n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20210815052194n1. Effect of stretching in patient with knee osteoarthritis [Comparative effects of Mulligan traction straight leg raise versus muscle energy technique on pain intensity and hamstring tightness in patient with knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20210815052194n1 2021.
Irct20220216054038n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20220216054038n1. The effect of tele-rehabilitation nursing on knee osteoarthritis [The effect of tele-rehabilitation nursing on the pain, joint stiffness, physical functions of knees and Health locus of control (HLC) among persons with knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20220216054038n1 2022.
Irct20220830055831n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20220830055831n1. The effect of exercise therapy and drug in relieving pain and disability caused by osteoarthritis of the knee. Irct20220830055831n1 2022.
Irct20221115056509n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20221115056509n1. The effect of high power laser and quadriceps strengthening exercises on osteoarthritis [Comparison of the effect of high-level laser and quadriceps muscle strengthening exercises using biofeedback on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20221115056509n1 2023.
Irct20230101057015n1 {published data only}
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    1. Irct20230306057633n2. Effects of calisthenic exercises and isometric exercises on diabetic patients with knee osteoarthritis [Comparative effects of calisthenic exercises and isometric exercises on pain, balance and functional disability in diabetic patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20230306057633n2 2023.
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    1. Irct20230606058395n1. Comparative effects of PIR technique and Mulligan TSLR technique alng with retrowalking in knee OA [Comparative effects of post isometric relaxation technique and Mulligan traction straight leg raise technique along with retro walking on hamstring flexibility]. Irct20230606058395n1 2023.
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    1. Nct03676790. Ultrasound and exercises in knee osteoarthritis [Effect of ultrasound associated to exercises in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct03676790 2018.
Nct03750279 {published data only}
    1. Nct03750279. Inflammatory targeted laser treatment of knee osteoarthritis [Inflammatory targeted low-level laser treatment of knee osteoarthritis - a randomized clinical trial]. Nct03750279 2018.
Nct03798002 {published data only}
    1. Nct03798002. Neuro-muscular exercise training verses quadriceps training in mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis [Effects of neuro-muscular exercise training verses isolated quadriceps training program in patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis]. Nct03798002 2019.
Nct03893981 {published data only}
    1. Nct03893981. Strengthening exercises versus proprioception and balance exercises in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis [Comparison of the effect of strengthening exercises versus proprioception and balance exercises in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis]. Nct03893981 2019.
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    1. Nct03921801. Effects of improved calf muscle function on gait, balance and joint loading in older adults [Improving plantarflexor muscle function to alleviate decline in mobility, loss of balance and detrimental knee joint loading in older adults]. Nct03921801 2019.
Nct03951506 {published data only}
    1. Nct03951506. Multi-modal exercise program in older aduls with knee osteoarthritis [Effects a multi-modal exercise program in older aduls with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct03951506 2019.
Nct04058002 {published data only}
    1. Nct04058002. Project arthritis recovering quality of life through education 70+. Nct04058002 2019.
Nct04099394 {published data only}
    1. Nct04099394. Pain & aging: combined interventions for fitness in the community study [Randomized controlled trial of group-based exercise and behavioral health skills training for older adults with painful knee osteoarthritis]. Nct04099394 2019.
Nct04138784 {published data only}
    1. Nct04138784. Individualized comprehensive rehabilitation program in chronic knee osteoarthritis [Effectiveness of an individualized comprehensive rehabilitation program in disabled chronic knee osteoarthritis women]. Nct04138784 2019. - PubMed
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    1. Nct04183933. The effect of exercise training on balance and functional status in individuals with osteoarthritis'the effect of different exercise training on balance and functional status in individuals with osteoarthritis'. Nct04183933 2019.
Nct04198467 {published data only}
    1. Nct04198467. To evaluate the optimum dose of platelet rich plasma in knee osteoarthritis and compare efficacy with hyaluronic acid [Randomized controlled study to compare safety and efficacy of intra articular administration of platelet rich plasma versus hyaluronic aci]. Nct04198467 2019.
Nct04225182 {published data only}
    1. Nct04225182. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a muscular strengthening protocol with an instrumented orthosis for gonarthrosis patients. Nct04225182 2020.
Nct04323267 {published data only}
    1. Nct04323267. Digital home-exercise therapy application for patients with non-surgical knee injuries [Efficacy of digital home-exercise therapy application for patients with non-surgical knee injuries: a randomized, controlled trial]. Nct04323267 2020.
Nct04390932 {published data only}
    1. Nct04390932. The impact of therapeutic alliance in the rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis [the impact of therapeutic alliance on clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. A randomized clinical trial protocol]. Nct04390932 2020.
Nct04423887 {published data only}
    1. Nct04423887. Effects of creatine supplementation in addition to resistance exercise training in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Nct04423887 2020.
Nct04445350 {published data only}
    1. Nct04445350. Motor learning in knee osteoarthritis [Motor learning in knee osteoarthritis therapy - a new rehabilitation approach]. Nct04445350 2020.
Nct04528953 {published data only}
    1. Nct04528953. Investigating the effect of interval walking and qigong on people with knee osteoarthritis: pilot study [Investigating the effect of interval walking and qigong on some clinical and biological outcomes of people with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct04528953 2020.
Nct04536519 {published data only}
    1. Nct04536519. Foot wear modification along with physical therapy in knee osteoarthritis [Effects of foot wear modification along with physical therapy on functional status in knee osteoarthritis]. Nct04536519 2020.
Nct04540341 {published data only}
    1. Nct04540341. Effectiveness of Mulligan mobilization technique and core stabilization exercise with knee osteoarthritis. Nct04540341 2020. - PubMed
Nct04542655 {published data only}
    1. Nct04542655. The effect of exercise on serum levels of collagen and proteoglycan in patients with knee osteoarthritis (EFEX-OA-01). Nct04542655 2020.
Nct04574700 {published data only}
    1. Nct04574700. Mobilization effect on hamstring length [Effect of knee joint mobilization on hamstring muscle length]. Nct04574700 2020.
Nct04600661 {published data only}
    1. Nct04600661. Low load resistance blood flow restriction training versus neuromuscular training in knee osteoarthritis. Nct04600661 2020.
Nct04654871 {published data only}
    1. Nct04654871. Effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplementation in addition to resistance exercise training and manual therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Nct04654871 2020. - PubMed
Nct04678999 {published data only}
    1. Nct04678999. Mind-body therapy (remotely delivered) for knee osteoarthritis [Neurobiological mechanisms of mind-body therapy (remotely delivered) for knee osteoarthritis]. Nct04678999 2020.
Nct04747444 {published data only}
    1. Nct04747444. Positive pressure treadmill walking for individuals with knee pathology [The effects of anti-gravity treadmill walking in individuals with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct04747444 2021.
Nct04819672 {published data only}
    1. Nct04819672. Effect of low intensity training combined with partial restriction of blood flow in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Nct04819672 2021.
Nct04857879 {published data only}
    1. Nct04857879. Implementation of GLA: d program in West Virginians with osteoarthritis of the knee [A pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the implementation and outcomes of Good Life with Osteoarthritis (GLA: D) program in West Virginians suffering from the osteoarthritis]. Nct04857879 2021.
Nct04925895 {published data only}
    1. Nct04925895. Effects of dynamic soft tissue mobilization in reducing hamstring tightness in knee osteoarthritis. Nct04925895 2021.
Nct04980300 {published data only}
    1. Nct04980300. Delaware Physical Exercise and Activity for Knee osteoarthritis (PEAK). Nct04980300 2021.
Nct05026385 {published data only}
    1. Nct05026385. The POMELO (Prevention of Muscle Loss in Osteoarthritis) trial [Targeted knee osteoarthritis care for adults with a BMI ≥5 kg/m2: the prevention of muscle loss in osteoarthritis (P.O.M.E.L.O.) Feasibility and pilot randomized trial]. Nct05026385 2021.
Nct05131048 {published data only}
    1. Nct05131048. Home based hip strengthening for knee OA patients [Effects of home-based hip strengthening exercises on pain, range of motion and functional disability in knee osteoarthritis patients: a randomized controlled trial]. Nct05131048 2021.
Nct05169606 {published data only}
    1. Nct05169606. Effect of tissue flossing, AIS, PNF on hamstring among knee OA patients [Effect of tissue flossing, active isolated stretch, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on hamstring among knee osteoarthritis patients]. Nct05169606 2021.
Nct05209893 {published data only}
    1. Nct05209893. The effect of telerehabilitation-based exercise and training on outcome measures in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Nct05209893 2022.
Nct05274932 {published data only}
    1. Nct05274932. Exercise with blood flow restriction in knee osteoarthritis [Neuromuscular responses, pain intensity and perceived exertion of resistance exercise with blood flow restriction in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis]. Nct05274932 2022.
Nct05403645 {published data only}
    1. Nct05403645. Comparison of exercise therapy vs mobilization with movement among patients with knee osteoarthritis [Comparison of exercise therapy vs mobilization with movement among patients with knee osteoarthritis in household females]. Nct05403645 2022.
Nct05601947 {published data only}
    1. Nct05601947. Investigation of the effectiveness of Wii-based exercise play therapy in knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation. Nct05601947 2022.
Nct05777421 {published data only}
    1. Nct05777421. Efficacy of virtual reality based exercise regimes on kinesiophobia, pain and functional disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Nct05777421 2023.
Nct05810376 {published data only}
    1. Nct05810376. Effects of digital-based physical activity intervention in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Nct05810376 2023.
Nct05839535 {published data only}
    1. Nct05839535. Enhancing modulation effects of baduanjin through neuromodulation for knee OA [Enhancing modulation effects of baduanjin through non-invasive neuromodulation for knee osteoarthritis]. Nct05839535 2023.
Nct05850793 {published data only}
    1. Nct05850793. Comparison of progressive motor imagery and sensorimotor exercises in knee osteoarthritis [Comparison of progressive motor imagery and sensorimotor exercises in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial]. Nct05850793 2023.
Nct05877703 {published data only}
    1. Nct05877703. Open versus close chain exercise effects with lifestyle modification and education in knee osteoarthritis [Effects of open versus close kinetic chain exercise training program with lifestyle modification and patient's education in grade 3 knee osteoarthriti]. Nct05877703 2023.
Nct05878587 {published data only}
    1. Nct05878587. Burger Allen exercises in knee OA with type II diabetes [Effects of Burger Allen exercises on pain, range of motion, and disability in knee osteoarthritis with type II diabetes]. Nct05878587 2023.
Nct05889598 {published data only}
    1. Nct05889598. Resistance exercise training to improve bone and articular cartilage health in women [Effects of a resistance exercise programme on risk of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in females]. Nct05889598 2023.
Nct05893017 {published data only}
    1. Nct05893017. Comparison of the effects of different treatment modalities in individuals with knee osteoarthritis [Comparison of the effects of different treatment modalities on pain, quality of life, and musculoskeletal system in individuals with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct05893017 2023.
Nct05941117 {published data only}
    1. Nct05941117. Effect of exercises on dynamic balance in knee osteoarthritis patients [Effect of weight bearing versus non-weight bearing strengthening exercises on dynamic balance in knee osteoarthritis patients]. Nct05941117 2023.
Nct05955300 {published data only}
    1. Nct05955300. Nutrition and movement to improve quality of life with knee osteoarthritis [Evidence based training program combined with nutrition therapy for patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct05955300 2023.
Nct05955430 {published data only}
    1. Nct05955430. Percutaneous electrical stimulation, education and exercise program in patients with knee osteoarthritis [Efficacy of percutaneous electrical stimulation compared to transcutaneous electrical stimulation in combination with an education and exercise program]. Nct05955430 2023.
Nct05958212 {published data only}
    1. Nct05958212. Innovative gait training for people with knee osteoarthritis using dual belt treadmill [The efficacy of unilateral speed-upscaling gait training in promoting pain and functional recovery in people with total knee replacement: a randomised controlled trial]. Nct05958212 2023.
Nct05995210 {published data only}
    1. Nct05995210. Comparing the effectiveness of kinesio taping and knee orthosis in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome [Comparing the effectiveness of kinesio taping and knee orthosis in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: randomized controlled study]. Nct05995210 2023.
Nct05997966 {published data only}
    1. Nct05997966. Investigation of the effects of progressive resistance exercises in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Nct05997966 2023.
Nct06090097 {published data only}
    1. Nct06090097. Knee biofeedback rehabilitation through game therapy [Knee-biofeedback rehabilitation interface for game-based home therapy]. Nct06090097 2023.
Nct06105788 {published data only}
    1. Nct06105788. Upper and lower extremity exercise and exercise-induced hypoalgesia in knee osteoarthritis [Comparing effects of upper extremity versus lower extremity exercise on exercise-induced hypoalgesia in people with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot cross-over study]. Nct06105788 2023.
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    1. Neves M, Gualano B, Roschel H, Fuller R, Benatti FB, Pinto A, et al. Beneficial effect of creatine supplementation in knee osteoarthritis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2011;43(8):1538-43. - PubMed
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    1. Ng NT, Heesch KC, Brown WJ. Efficacy of a progressive walking program and glucosamine sulphate supplementation on osteoarthritic symptoms of the hip and knee: a feasibility trial. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2010;12(1):R25. - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Ntr6996. Walking alteration for knee osteoarthritis - the WALK study. Ntr6996 2017.
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    1. O'Brien KM, Williams A, Wiggers J, Wolfenden L, Yoong S, Campbell E, et al. Effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle intervention for low back pain and osteoarthritis of the knee: protocol and statistical analysis plan for two randomised controlled trials. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2016;20(5):477-89. [DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0189] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Onwunzo CN, Igwe SE, Umunnah JO, Uchenwoke CI, Ezugwu UA. Effects of isometric strengthening exercises on pain and disability among patients with knee osteoarthritis. Cureus 2021;13(10):e18972. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18972] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Moseng T, Dagfinrud H, Andreassen O, Dziedzic K, Hagen K, Hansen J, et al. Implementing international osteoarthritis guidelines in primary care: results on symptom-related outcomes in secondary analyses from a randomized controlled study. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2019;27 Suppl 1:S26-S27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.02.041] - DOI - PubMed
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    1. Osteras N, Moseng T, Van Bodegom-Vos L, Dziedzic K, Mdala I, Natvig B, et al. Implementing a structured model for osteoarthritis care in primary healthcare: a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial. PLoS Medicine 2019;16(10):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002949] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Osteras N, Aas E, Moseng T, Van Bodegom-Vos L, Dziedzic K, Natvig B, et al. Longer-term quality of care, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of implementing a model of care for osteoarthritis: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2023;1:1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.10.003] - DOI - PubMed
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    1. Ozudogru A, Gelecek N. Effects of closed and open kinetic chain exercises on pain, muscle strength, function, and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira 2023;69(7):e20230164. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230164] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Pactr202002763876912. The effects of chiropractic manipulation, mobilisation and exercise therapy on knee joint position sense in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Pactr202002763876912 2020.
Pactr202003828737019 {published data only}
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    1. Rathwa A, Prajapati N, Deepak AN. To compare the effectiveness of proprioceptive circuit exercises versus open kinematics chain exercises on pain and improve muscle strength and physical function in osteoarthritis knee patients. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy 2019;13(1):88-92. [DOI: 10.5958/0973-5674.2019.00017.0] - DOI
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RBR‐7p8wzyr {published data only}
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RBR‐8qby2wt {published data only}
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Ren 2020 {published data only}
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Rizvi 2023 {published data only}
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Robbins 2021 {published data only}
    1. Robbins SR, Melo LR, Urban H, Deveza LA, Asher R, Johnson V, et al. Effectiveness of stepped-care intervention in overweight and obese patients with medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care & Research 2021;73(4):520-30. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.24148] - DOI - PubMed
Robson 2022 {published data only}
    1. Robson E, Kamper SJ, Lee H, Palazzi K, O'Brien KM, Williams A, et al. Compliance with telephone-based lifestyle weight loss programs improves low back pain but not knee pain outcomes: complier average causal effects analyses of 2 randomised trials. Pain 2022;163(7):E862-E868. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002506] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Sabharwal 2022 {published data only}
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Saji 2023 {published data only}
    1. Saji VT, Kotteeswaran K. Feasibility of an exercise protocol on stable and unstable surfaces on lower extremity function, pain and balance in postmenopausal women with OA knee. - A pilot study. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology 2023;30(17):2133-8. [DOI: 10.53555/jptcp.v30i17.2950] - DOI
Sandal 2016 {published data only}
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Sayers 2012 {published data only}
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Schlenk 2011 {published data only}
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Shakoor 2007 {published data only}
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Shaughnessy 2023 {published data only}
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Shen 2008 {published data only}
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Silva 2008 {published data only}
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Silva 2018 {published data only}
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Simao 2019 {published data only}
    1. Simao AP, Mendonca VA, Avelar NC, Fonseca SF, Santos JM, Oliveira AC, et al. Whole body vibration training on muscle strength and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in elderly woman with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial study. Frontiers in Physiology 2019;10(Jun):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00756] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Sled 2010 {published data only}
    1. Sled EA, Khoja L, Deluzio KJ, Olney SJ, Culham EG. Effect of a home program of hip abductor exercises on knee joint loading, strength, function, and pain in people with knee osteoarthritis: a clinical trial. Physical Therapy 2010;90(6):895-904. - PubMed
Smith 2023 {published data only}
    1. Smith JL, Innes AQ, Burns DS, Deniszczyc D, Selfe J, MacConville S, et al. A scalable 12-week exercise and education programme reduces symptoms and improves function and wellbeing in people with hip and knee osteoarthritis. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences 2023;4:1147938. [DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1147938] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Song 2010 {published data only}
    1. Song R, Roberts BL, Lee E, Lam P, Bae S. A randomized study of the effects of t'ai Chi on muscle strength, bone mineral density, and fear of falling in women with osteoarthritis. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) 2010;16(3):227-33. - PMC - PubMed
Song 2022 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2000040721. Effects of Tai Chi exercise on patients with early osteoarthritis: a follow-up study [Effect of Tai Chi exercise on elderly patients with osteoarthritis]. ChiCTR2000040721 2020.
    1. Song J, Wei L, Cheng K, Lin Q, Xia P, Wang X, et al. The effect of modified tai Chi exercises on the physical function and quality of life in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2022;14:(no pagination). [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.860762] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Soni 2012 {published data only}
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    1. Stitik TP, Blacksin MF, Stiskal DM, Kim JH, Foye PM, Schoenheer L, et al. Efficacy and safety of hyaluronan treatment in combination therapy with home exercise for knee osteoarthritis pain. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabiltation 2007;88:135-41. - PubMed
Stitik 2007b {published data only}
    1. Stitik TP, Blacksin MF, Stiskal DM, Kim JH, Foye PM, Schoenherr L, et al. Efficacy and safety of hyaluronan treatment in combination therapy with home exercise for knee osteoarthritis pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2007;88(2):135-41. - PubMed
Sudhesh 2013 {published data only}
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Sullivan 1998 {published data only}
    1. Sullivan T, Allegrante JP, Peterson MG, Kovar PA, MacKenzie CR. One-year followup of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee who participated in a program of supervised fitness walking and supportive patient education. Arthritis Care & Research 1998;11:228-33. - PubMed
Swank 2011 {published data only}
    1. Swank AM, Kachelman JB, Bibeau W, Quesada PM, Nyland J, Malkani A, et al. Prehabilitation before total knee arthroplasty increases strength and function in older adults with severe osteoarthritis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2011;25(2):318-25. - PubMed
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Tan 2020 {published data only}
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Tan 2023 {published data only}
    1. Tan B, Pereira M, Yang SY, Lim C, Tan C, Woon E, et al. Collaborative model of care between orthopaedics and allied healthcare professionals (connact) for knee osteoarthritis: 12-months follow-up of an effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2023;31 Suppl 1:S16-S17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.01.502] - DOI - PubMed
Tctr20170705003 {published data only}
    1. Tctr20170705003. Effect of elastic band exercise on muscle strength and physical function in severe knee osteoarthritis. Tctr20170705003 2017.
Tctr20210903007 {published data only}
    1. Tctr20210903007. Efficacy of blood flow restriction with low-load resistance exercise in adults who have risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. (Double-blind randomized controlled trial). Tctr20210903007 2021.
Tctr20221118001 {published data only}
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Teixeira 2011 {published data only}
    1. Teixeira PE, Piva SR, Fitzgerald GK. Effects of impairment-based exercise on performance of specific self-reported functional tasks in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Physical Therapy 2011;91(12):1752-65. - PMC - PubMed
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Thiengwittayaporn 2023 {published data only}
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Topp 2009 {published data only}
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Torstensen 2023a {published data only}
    1. Torstensen TA, Osteras H, LoMartire R, Rugelbak GM, Grooten WJ, Ang BO. High-versus low-dose exercise therapy for knee osteoarthritis a randomized controlled multicenter trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2023;176(2):154-66. [DOI: 10.7326/M22-2348] - DOI - PubMed
Torstensen 2023b {published data only}
    1. Torstensen TA, Osteras H, LoMartire R, Rugelbak GM, Grooten WJ, Ang BO. High- versus low-dose exercise therapy for knee osteoarthritis. Annals of Internal Medicine 2023;176(7):eL230141. [DOI: 10.7326/L23-0141] - DOI - PubMed
Tsai 2009 {published data only}
    1. Tsai PF, Chang JY, Beck C, Hagen J, Anand KJ, Kuo YF, et al. The feasibility of implementing tai Chi for nursing home residents with knee osteoarthritis and cognitive impairment. Activities Directors' Quarterly for Alzheimers and Other Dementia Patients 2009;10(1):9-17. - PMC - PubMed
Tsai 2015 {published data only}
    1. Tsai LC, Lee SJ, Yang AJ, Ren Y, Press JM, Zhang LQ. Effects of off-axis elliptical training on reducing pain and improving knee function in individuals with patellofemoral pain. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2015;14:(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000164] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Tsauo 2008 {published data only}
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Tunay 2010 {published data only}
    1. Tunay VB, Baltaci G, Atay AO. Hospital-based versus home-based proprioceptive and strengthening exercise programs in knee osteoarthritis. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 2010;44(4):270-7. - PubMed
Tung 2022 {published data only}
    1. Tung EV, Wilson EC, Maly MR. Muscle capacity utilization during gait was improved by strengthening exercise in women with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2022;30 Suppl 1:S149-S150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.02.189] - DOI
Tuzun 2004 {published data only}
    1. Tuzun EH, Aytar A, Eker L, Daskapan A. Effectiveness of two different physical therapy programmes in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Pain Clinic 2004;16:379-87.
Umin000016326 {published data only}
    1. Umin000016326. Effects of body weight supported walking exersise using lower body positive pressure device on physical performance in elderly with leg pain. Umin000016326 2015.
Umin000022060 {published data only}
    1. Prospective comparison study on efficacy between physiotherapy and kinesitherapy for knee osteoarthritis in improvement of clinical symptoms and degeneration. Umin000022060 2016.
Umin000028944 {published data only}
    1. Umin000028944. Effect of tibial internal-rotation exercise and insole on osteoarthiritis of the knee. Umin000028944 2017.
Umin000029045 {published data only}
    1. Umin000029045. Effect of exercise therapy with tibial internal-rotation on clinical outcomes and knee kinematics of osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial. Umin000029045 2017.
Umin000034385 {published data only}
    1. Umin000034385. On the effect of triceps training at home in elderly women with medial knee osteoarthritis. Umin000034385 2019.
Umin000035225 {published data only}
    1. Umin000035225. Effectiveness of supervised exercise therapy for community-dwelling people with chronic knee pain: a randomised controlled trial. Umin000035225 2018.
Umin000039579 {published data only}
    1. Umin000039579. Randomized controlled study on efficacy of kinesitherapy using therapeutic modality in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Umin000039579 2020.
Umin000043356 {published data only}
    1. Umin000043356. Clinical trial for effectiveness of the video-based home exercise on outcomes for subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. Umin000043356 2021.
Umin000044440 {published data only}
    1. Umin000044440. Effect of pain neuroscience education and mind-body exercises in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Umin000044440 2021.
Umin000044884 {published data only}
    1. Effect of basic body awareness therapy on geriatric knee osteoarthritis patients with chronic pain and depressionEffect of basic body awareness therapy on geriatric knee osteoarthritis patients with chronic pain and depression - Basic body awareness thera. Umin000044884 2021.
Umin000051857 {published data only}
    1. Jprn-Umin000051857. Are there differences between the Ottawa Panel evidence-based clinical guidelines on pain, function, and psychological factors in individuals with knee osteoarthritis? Jprn-Umin000051857 2023.
Van Gool 2005 {published data only}
    1. Van Gool CH, Penninx BW, Kempen GI, Rejeski WJ, Miller GD, Van Eijk JT, et al. Effects of exercise adherence on physical function among overweight older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care & Research 2005;53:24-32. - PubMed
Veenhof 2007 {published data only}
    1. Coupe VM, Veenhof C, Van Tulder MW, Dekker J, Bijlsma JW, Van den Ende CH. The cost effectiveness of behavioural graded activity in patients with osteoarthritis of hip and/or knee. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2007;66(2):215-21. - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Villadsen A, Overgaard S, Holsgaard-Larsen A, Christensen R, Roos EM. Immediate efficacy of neuromuscular exercise in patients with severe osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Rheumatology 2014;41(7):1385-94. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130642] - DOI - PubMed
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    1. Walls RJ, McHugh G, O'Gorman DJ, Moyna N, O'Byrne JM. Effects of preoperative neuromuscular electrical stimulation on quadriceps strength and functional recovery in total knee arthroplasty. A pilot study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2010;11:119. - PMC - PubMed
Wan 2023 {published data only}
    1. Wan Y, McGuigan P, Bilzon J, Wade L. The effectiveness of a 6-week biofeedback gait retraining programme in people with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2023;24(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07098-y] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Wang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Wang T-J, Belza B, Thompson FE, Whitney JD, Bennett K. Effects of aquatic exercise on flexibility, strength and aerobic fitness in adults with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2006;57:141-52. - PubMed
Wang 2007a {published data only}
    1. Wang T, Belza B, Thompson EF, Whitney JD, Bennett K. Effects of aquatic exercise on flexibility, strength and aerobic fitness in adults with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2007;57(2):141-52. - PubMed
Wang 2007b {published data only}
    1. Wang X, Miller GD, Messier SP, Nicklas BJ. Knee strength maintained despite loss of lean body mass during weight loss in older obese adults with knee osteoarthritis. Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences 2007;62(8):866-71. - PubMed
Wang 2009 {published data only}
    1. Wang C, Schmid CH, Hibberd PL, Kalish R, Roubenoff R, Rones R, et al. Tai Chi is effective in treating knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2009;61(11):1545-53. - PMC - PubMed
Weng 2009 {published data only}
    1. Weng MC, Lee CL, Chen CH, Hsu JJ, Lee WD, Huang MH, et al. Effects of different stretching techniques on the outcomes of isokinetic exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences 2009;25(6):306-15. - PMC - PubMed
Whitehurst 2011 {published data only}
    1. Whitehurst DG, Bryan S, Hay EM, Thomas E, Young J, Foster NE. Cost-effectiveness of acupuncture care as an adjunct to exercise-based physical therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee. Physical Therapy 2011;91(5):630-41. - PubMed
Williamson 2007 {published data only}
    1. Williamson L, Wyatt MR, Yein K, Melton JT. Severe knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial of acupuncture, physiotherapy (supervised exercise) and standard management for patients awaiting knee replacement. Rheumatology 2007;46:1445-9. - PubMed
Williamson 2007b {published data only}
    1. Williamson L, Wyatt MR, Yein K, Melton JT. Severe knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial of acupuncture, physiotherapy (supervised exercise) and standard management for patients awaiting knee replacement. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2007;46(9):1445-9. - PubMed
Wong 2017 {published data only}
    1. Wong JB, Chung M, Price LL, Wang C. Cost-effectiveness of Tai Chi versus physical therapy for knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatology. Conference: American College of Rheumatology/Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals Annual Scientific Meeting, ACR/ARHP 2017;69 Suppl 10:(no pagination).
Wong 2018 {published data only}
    1. Wong JB, Chung M, Price L, Wang C. Tai Chi versus physical therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2018;26 Suppl 1:S312-S313.
Wyatt 2001 {published data only}
    1. Wyatt FB, Milam S, Manske RC, Deere R. The effects of aquatic and traditional exercise programs on persons with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Strengthening Research 2001;15:337-40. - PubMed
Xiao 20201 {published data only}
    1. Xiao C, Zhuang Y, Kang Y. Effects of Wu Qin xi Qigong exercise on physical functioning in elderly people with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Geriatrics & Gerontology International 2020;20(10):899-903. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14007] - DOI - PubMed
Xiao 2020b {published data only}
    1. Xiao CM, Li JJ, Kang Y, Zhuang YC. Follow-up of a Wuqinxi exercise at home programme to reduce pain and improve function for knee osteoarthritis in older people: a randomised controlled trial. Age and Ageing 2020;14:no pagination. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa179] - DOI - PubMed
Yilmaz 2010 {published data only}
    1. Yilmaz OO, Senocak O, Sahin E, Baydar M, Gulbahar S, Bircan C, et al. Efficacy of EMG-biofeedback in knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology International 2010;30(7):887-92. - PubMed
Yip 2007a {published data only}
    1. Yip YB, Wit JW, Fung KK, Wong DY, Chong SY, Chung LH, et al. Impact of an arthritis self-management programme with an added exercise component for osteoarthritic knee sufferers on improving pain, functional outcomes, and use of health care services: an experimental study. Patient Education Counseling 2007;65:113-21. - PubMed
Yip 2007b {published data only}
    1. Yip YB, Sit JW, Fung KK, Wong DY, Chong SY, Chung LH, et al. Effects of a self-management arthritis programme with an added exercise component for osteoarthritic knee: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2007;59(1):20-8. - PubMed
Yip 2008 {published data only}
    1. Yip Y, Sit JW, Wong DY, Chong SY, Chung L. A 1-year follow-up of an experimental study of a self-management arthritis programme with an added exercise component of clients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Psychology, Health & Medicine 2008;13(4):402-14. - PubMed
Yue 2023 {published data only}
    1. Yue H, Li Y, Ma J, Xie C, Xie F, Cai J, et al. Effect of Tai Chi on knee pain and muscle strength in middle-aged and older adults with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 2023;23(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04070-0] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Zhang 2020 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR-TRC-13003264. Effects of Tai Chi program on neuromuscular function for patients with knee osteoarthritis [Joint mechanical load and osteoarthritis: biomechanical based innovative Tai Chi rehabilitation strategies]. ChiCTR-TRC-13003264 2013.
    1. Wang XQ, Huang LY, Liu Y, Li JX, Wu X, Li HP, et al. Effects of tai Chi program on neuromuscular function for patients with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2013;14(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-375] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zhang Z, Huang L, Liu Y, Wang L, Bernardo-Filho M. Effect of tai Chi training on plantar loads during walking in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. BioMed Research International 2020;2020:(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1155/2020/3096237] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Zhang 2022 {published data only}
    1. Zhang Y, Xie S, Wang X, Song K, Wang L, Zhang R, et al. Effects of Internet of things-based power cycling and neuromuscular training on pain and walking ability in elderly patients with KOA: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022;23(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06946-x] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Zhao 2019 {published data only}
    1. Zhao Z, Wang R, Guo Y, Chen L, Wang K, Zhou H, et al. Static low-angle squatting reduces the intra-articular inflammatory cytokines and improves the performance of patients with knee osteoarthritis. BioMed Research International 2019;2019:9617923. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/9617923] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Zhu 2023 {published data only}
    1. Zhu GC, Chen KM, Belcastro F. Comparing different stretching exercises on pain, stiffness, and physical function disability in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2023;1:(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.07.001] - DOI - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

Abou‐Raya 2013 {published data only}
    1. Abou-Raya S, Abou-Raya A, Abd Kareem A. Effects of physical activity on inflammation, skeletal muscle strength/function (sarcopenia) and fat infiltration (sarcopenic obesity) in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. Conference: Annual European Congress of Rheumatology of the European League Against Rheumatism, EULAR 2013;72 Suppl 3:1498-503. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2039] - DOI
Actrn12617000183381 {published data only}
    1. Actrn12617000183381. Exergaming for people with knee osteoarthritis: a feasibility study [Does exergaming increase muscle strength and decrease instability in people with knee osteoarthritis? A feasibility study]. Actrn12617000183381 2017.
Bossen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bossen D, Veenhof C, Van Beek KE, Spreeuwenberg PM, Dekker J, De Bakker DH. Effectiveness of a web-based physical activity intervention in patients with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2013;15(11):e257. [DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2662] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Chang 2017 {published data only}
    1. Chang AH, Lee J, Song J, Price L, Lee AC, Reid KF, et al. Associations between pre-intervention physical activity levels and treatment response to exercise therapy in persons with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017;25 Suppl 1:S339. - PMC - PubMed
Cheing 2002 {published data only}
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    1. Cheing GL, Hui-Chan CW. Would the addition of TENS to exercise training produce better physical performance outcomes in people with knee osteoarthritis than either intervention alone? Clinical Rehabilitation 2004;18:487. - PubMed
Coleman 2011 {published data only}
    1. Coleman S, Briffa NK, Carroll G, Inderjeeth C, Cook N, McQuade J. An osteoarthritis of the knee self-management education program delivered by multidisciplinary health professionals; a randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom) 2011;1:eS1457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2011.04.003] - DOI
De Rooij 2016 {published data only}
    1. De Rooij M, Van Der Leeden M, Cheung J, Van Der Esch M, Hakkinen A, Haverkamp D, et al. Effectiveness of tailored exercise therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis and comorbidity: a randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016;1:S466-S467. - PubMed
Eungpinichpong 1997 {published data only}
    1. Eungpinichpong W. The efficacy of physical exercise programmes for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee as determined by clinical and gait parameters. New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy 1998;26:5.
Gallego‐Ariza 2013 {published data only}
    1. Gallego-Ariza B, Mateos-Toset S, Cabrera-Martos I, Correa-Toledo A, Badillo-Fontalvo M, Valenza M. Impact of a supervised muscular training on perceived quality of sleep and health in a population with knee osteoarthritis. Sleep Medicine 2013;1:e63-e64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.119] - DOI
Gao 2023 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2100042278. Effects of PNF intervention on joint pain, joint proprioception and lower limb biomechanical characteristics in older adults with knee osteoarthritis during walking. ChiCTR2100042278 2021.
    1. Gao B, Li L, Shen P, Zhou Z, Xu P, Sun W, et al. Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching in relieving pain and balancing knee loading during stepping over obstacles among older adults with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. PloS One 2023;18(2):e0280941. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280941] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ghroubi 2008 {published data only}
    1. Ghroubi S, Elleuch H, Kaffel N, Echikh T, Abid M, Elleuch MH. Contribution of exercise and diet in the management of knee osteoarthritis in the obese. Annales de Readaptation et de Medecine Physique 2008;51(8):663-70. - PubMed
Gianoudis 2015 {published data only}
    1. Gianoudis J, Wang Y, Bailey C, Ebeling P, Nowson C, Sanders K, et al. Effects of a multi-modal exercise program on BMD, muscle function, knee cartilage structure, defects and bone marrow lesions in older adults: an 18 month RCT. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. Conference 2015;30 Suppl 1:182-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2763] - DOI
Guerrero 2015 {published data only}
    1. Guerrero Y, Soomro N, Wilson G, Dam Y, Meiklejohn J, Simpson K, et al. Train High Eat Low for Osteoarthritis study (THE LO study): protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Physiotherapy 2015;61(4):217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2015.05.020] - DOI - PubMed
Hamad 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hamad WH, Sghir M, Guedria M, Maraoui M, Said W, Jerbi S, et al. Contribution of therapeutic education in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: preliminary results. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 2016;59 Suppl:e158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.07.352] - DOI
Hasan 2018 {published data only}
    1. Hasan MK, Stanmore E, Todd C. Feasibility of enabling self-management and coping with arthritic pain using exercise (ESCAPE-pain) programme for knee osteoarthritis in Malaysia. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2018;70 Suppl 9:429-30. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40700] - DOI
Heggannavar 2015 {published data only}
    1. Heggannavar A, Gupta R. Quantitative effects of proprioceptive exercises and Mulligan's MWM in subjects with osteoarthritis of knee-a randomized clinical trail. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom) 2015;1:eS555-eS556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.3370] - DOI
Hughes 2004 {published data only}
    1. Hughes SL, Seymour RB, Campbell R, Pollak N, Huber G, Sharma L. Impact of the Fit and Strong intervention on older adults with osteoarthritis. Gerontologist 2004;44:217-28. - PubMed
    1. Hughes SL, Seymour RB, Campbell RT, Desai P, Huber G, Chang HJ. Fit and Strong! : bolstering maintenance of physical activity among older adults with lower-extremity osteoarthritis. American Journal of Health Behavior 2010;34(6):750-63. - PMC - PubMed
Hurley 2018 {published data only}
    1. Hurley DA, Jeffares I, Segurado R, Matthews J. Evaluation of the behavioural process and secondary outcomes of the self-management of osteoarthritis and low back pain through activity and skills cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2018;26 Suppl 1:S332.
Islam 2018 {published data only}
    1. Islam M. Effects of supervised exercise in older population having osteoarthritis of knee: a randomised control trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2018;26 Suppl 1:S333.
Keogan 2007 {published data only}
    1. Keogan F, Gilsenan C, Hussey J, O'Connell P. Open or closed chain quadriceps exercises in treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee; which is more effective? A blinded randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy Ireland 2007;28(1):47-8.
Kloek 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kloek CJ, Bossen D, Veenhof C, Van Dongen JM, Dekker J, De Bakker DH. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a blended exercise intervention for patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2014;15(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-269] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kloek 2016 {published data only}
    1. Kloek CJ, Bossen D, De Bakker DH, Dekker J, Veenhof C. Blended intervention with reduced face-to-face contact and usual physiotherapy show similar effectiveness in patients with osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy 2016;102:2016-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.168] - DOI
Lange 2009 {published data only}
    1. Lange AK, Vanwanseele B, Foroughi N, Baker MK, Shnier R, Smith RM, et al. Resistive Exercise for Arthritic Cartilage Health (REACH): a randomized double-blind, sham-exercise controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics 2009;9(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-9-1] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Lee 2016 {published data only}
    1. Lee A, Price LL, Han X, Chung M, Harvey WF, Driban J, et al. Mindfulness predicts treatment response from non-pharmacological therapy in knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2016;68 Suppl 10:378-81. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39977] - DOI
Lee 2017b {published data only}
    1. Lee A, Harvey WF, Han X, Price LL, Driban JB, Bannuru RR, et al. Pain and functional trajectories in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis over a 12- week period of non-pharmacological exercise interventions. Arthritis and Rheumatology. Conference: American College of Rheumatology/Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals Annual Scientific Meeting, ACR/ARHP 2017;69 Suppl 10:(no pagination).
Li 2017 {published data only}
    1. Li L, Sayre EC, Grewal N, Chien J, Noonan G, Falck R, et al. Efficacy of a wearable-enabled physical activity counselling program for people with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatology. Conference: American College of Rheumatology/Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals Annual Scientific Meeting, ACR/ARHP 2017;69 Suppl 10:(no pagination).
Loew 2015 {published data only}
    1. Loew L, Brosseau L, Wells G, De Angelis G. Relevant determinants influencing walking adherence among older individuals with knee osteoarthritis: participant exercise preference (PEP) pilot randomised clinical trial. Journal of Rheumatology 2015;42(7):1312. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150322] - DOI
Manlapaz 2020 {published data only}
    1. Manlapaz DG, Escuadra CT, Regino JM, Briones EM, Kuizon RM, Pelonio PG, et al. Effectiveness of exergaming, Tai Chi, and physical therapy in improving dynamic balance and enjoyment of older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2020;28 Suppl 1:S166-S167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.02.271] - DOI
Marcu 2016 {published data only}
    1. Marcu IR, Patru S, Bighea AC. Role of physical exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoporosis International 2016;27 Supl 1:S523. [DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3530-x] - DOI
Matei 2014 {published data only}
    1. Matei D, Bighea A, Patru S, Traistaru R, Popescu RS. The place of kinetotherapy in rehabilitation program of knee osteoarthritis patients. Osteoporosis International 2014;2:S279. [DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2642-4] - DOI
Moonaz 2015 {published data only}
    1. Moonaz SH, Bingham CO, Wissow L, Bartlett SJ. Yoga in sedentary adults with arthritis: effects of a randomized controlled pragmatic trial. Journal of Rheumatology 2015;42(7):1194-202. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141129] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Morgan 2013 {published data only}
    1. Morgan NL, Ransford GL, Morgan LP, Driban JB, Wang C. Mindfulness is associated with psychological symptoms, self-efficacy, and quality of life among patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013;1:S257-S258.
Nct02560831 {published data only}
    1. Nct02560831. Effects of therapeutic exercises in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Nct02560831 2015.
Nct02620462 {published data only}
    1. Nct02620462. Wearable sensor-based balance training for patients with knee osteoarthritis [Explore the effectiveness of a sensor-based interactive exercise training on functional performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct02620462 2015.
Nct03421249 {published data only}
    1. Nct03421249. Treatment of knee osteoarthrosis using the electromagnetic fields [Treatment of knee osteoarthrosis using the electromagnetic fields: blinded and controlled study]. Nct03421249 2018.
Nct04019366 {published data only}
    1. Nct04019366. Balance training using biodex stability system in knee osteoarthritis [Effects of balance training using biodex stability system in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis]. Nct04019366 2019.
Nct04108650 {published data only}
    1. Portuguese Fit & Strong! For older adults with osteoarthritis [Portuguese version of the Fit & Strong! program for older adults with osteoarthritis]. Nct04108650 2019.
Nct04186143 {published data only}
    1. Nct04186143. Effects of closed and open kinetic chain exercises [Effects of closed and open kinetic chain exercises on pain, muscles strength, function, and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct04186143 2019. - PMC - PubMed
Nct04299568 {published data only}
    1. Nct04299568. Effects of anti-gravity treadmill training on knee osteoarthritis in geriatric population. Nct04299568 2020.
Nct04588558 {published data only}
    1. Nct04588558. Investigation of the effectiveness of a structured squat-based program in knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation. Nct04588558 (last updated 19 October 2020).
Nejati 2015 {published data only}
    1. Nejati P, Farzinmehr A, Moradi-Lakeh M. The effect of exercise therapy on knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran 2015;29:186. - PMC - PubMed
O'Hanlon 2016 {published data only}
    1. O'Hanlon MS, Siddiqi Q, Allen SL, Edwards KL. A randomised controlled trial to investigate walking 6,000 steps per day on pain and function in knee osteoarthritis progression: The walkout study. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016;1:S486.
Obuchi 2011 {published data only}
    1. Obuchi S, Suzuki T. Effect of therapeutic approach for prevention of knee and low back pain. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom) 2011;1:eS910-eS911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2011.04.002] - DOI
Oida 2008 {published data only}
    1. Oida Y, Morozumi K, Nakamura N, Kitabatake Y, Shiozawa S, Sato S, et al. Effectiveness of a community health service program using exercise intervention for elderly people with osteoarthritis of the knees: a randomized controlled trial. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi - Japanese Journal of Public Health 2008;55(4):228-37. - PubMed
Paterson 2018 {published data only}
    1. Paterson G, Gaboury I, Tugwell P, Toupin-April K. A pragmatic pilot randomized controlled trial of the OA go away, a symptom and exercise tracking self-management behavioural intervention for promoting adherence to physical activity among individuals with OA of the hip or knee. Journal of Rheumatology 2018;45(7):967-8. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180300] - DOI
Peeler 2019 {published data only}
    1. Peeler J, Zhang P, Cornish S, Ghavami S. S100A8/A9, exercise, and creatine in knee osteoarthritis. FASEB Journal 2019;33 Suppl 1:769.4. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.769.4] - DOI
Pisters 2011 {published data only}
    1. Pisters M, Veenhof C, Schellevis F, De Bakker D, Dekker J. Long-term effect of exercise therapy in patients with osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial comparing two different physiotherapy interventions. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom) 2011;1:eS1005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2011.04.002] - DOI - PubMed
Rahela 2012 {published data only}
    1. Rahela MI, Patru S, Bighea A, Popescu RS. Efficacy of physical exercice in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Disease. Conference: Annual European Congress of Rheumatology of the European League Against Rheumatism, EULAR 2012;71 Suppl 3:(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2763] - DOI
Raisanen 2021 {published data only}
    1. Raisanen AM, Whittaker J, Toomey C, Pasanen K, Emery CA. Does an 8-week exercise intervention impact knee-related symptoms 3-15-years following intra-articular knee injury? A pilot randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2021;29 Suppl 1:S393-S394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.02.510] - DOI
RBR‐4zx26w {published data only}
    1. RBR-4zx26w. Measurement of thigh muscle strength in patients with knee arthrosis who will receive a lubricating injection to the knee and who will do bodybuilding. RBR-4zx26w 2017.
Reid 2016 {published data only}
    1. Reid KF, Price L, Harvey WF, Driban JB, Fielding RA, Wang C. Changes in leg muscle strength and power after tai Chi exercise in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis [Changes in leg muscle strength and power after tai chi exercise in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016;1:S430.
Rezende 2018 {published data only}
    1. Rezende MU, Silva JM, Spada TC, Francisco LS, Santos HP, Greve JM, et al. Educational program in subjects with knee osteoarthritis improves adherence, aerobic and functional capacity [Educational program in subjects with knee osteoarthritis improves adherence, aerobic and functional capacity]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2018;26 Suppl 1:S413-S414.
Rosa 2012 {published data only}
    1. Rosa UH, Velasquez Tlapanco J, Lara Maya C, Villarreal Rios E, Martinez Gonzalez L, Vargas Daza ER, et al. Comparison of the effectiveness of isokinetic vs isometric therapeutic exercise in patients with osteoarthritis of knee. Reumatologia Clinica 2012;8(1):10-4. - PubMed
Shellington 2019 {published data only}
    1. Shellington EM, Gill DP, Shigematsu R, Petrella RJ. Innovative exercise as an intervention for older adults with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot feasibility study. La Revue Canadienne du Vieillissement [Canadian Journal on Aging] 2019;38(1):111-21. [DOI: 10.1017/S0714980818000454] - DOI - PubMed
Umin000011402 {published data only}
    1. Umin000011402. Additive effect of tidal knee irrigation and exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee. Umin000011402 2013.
Umin000043117 {published data only}
    1. Umin000043117. Impact of home exercise program on self-efficacy and quality of life among primary knee osteoarthritis patients: a randomized controlled clinical study. Umin000043117 2021.
Unal 2016 {published data only}
    1. Unal E, Kysacyk P, Oksuz S, Arin G, Karabulut E, Akdogan A, et al. The effects of cognitive exercise therapy approach on symptoms and antiinflammatory status in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon 2016;27(3):S32-S33.
Walsh 2020 {published data only}
    1. Walsh N, Cramp F, Palmer S, Pollock J, Hampson L, Gooberman-Hill R, et al. Exercise and self-management for people with chronic knee, hip or lower back pain: a cluster randomised controlled trial of clinical and cost-effectiveness. Study protocol. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom) 2013;99(4):352-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2012.09.002] - DOI - PubMed
    1. Walsh N, Jones L, Phillips S, Thomas R, Odondi L, Palmer S, et al. Facilitating Activity and Self-management for people with Arthritic knee, hip or lower back pain (FASA): a cluster randomised controlled trial. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice 2020;50:(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102271] - DOI - PubMed
Wang 2016 {published data only}
    1. Wang C, Price L, Schmid C, Harvey W, Driban J, McAlindon T. A positive response to nonpharmaceutical interventions in adults with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016;1:S490-S491.
Wang 2020 {published data only}
    1. Wang L, Chen H, Lu H, Chen J, Jin S, Shang S. The trajectory of exercise adherence over time and the effect of theory-lead intervention for knee osteoarthritis in elderly. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2020;23 Suppl 1:84. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.13984] - DOI
Yamada 2011 {published data only}
    1. Yamada E, Rodrigues PL, Almeida FR, Nicolau GP, Gomes IA, Zanetti LF. Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, therapeutic exercise and the pursuit of the association of two techniques in knee osteoarthritis. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom) 2011;1:eS1051-eS1052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2011.04.002] - DOI
Yavuz 2013 {published data only}
    1. Yavuz M, Ataoglu S, Ozsahin M, Baki AE, Icmeli C. Compared effects and effectiveness in applications of isokinetic exercise, laser, and diclophenac iontophoresis in primary osteoarthritis of knee. Duzce Medical Journal 2013;15(3):15-21.
Zaimi 2012 {published data only}
    1. Zaimi PE, Zaimi E, Backa Cico T, Zicishti E. NSAI and effectiveness of physiotherapy in the treatment of gonarthrosis. Annals of the Rheumatic Disease. Conference: Annual European Congress of Rheumatology of the European League Against Rheumatism, EULAR 2012;71 Suppl 3:(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1458] - DOI

References to ongoing studies

Actrn12615001101572 {published data only}
    1. Actrn12615001101572. Feasibility of a walking programme for people with symptoms of hip/knee osteoarthritis [Pedometer-driven walking programme to improve physical activity levels in community-dwelling individuals with symptoms of hip/knee osteoarthritis -; a feasibility study]. Actrn12615001101572 2015.
Actrn12618001494224 {published data only}
    1. Actrn12618001494224. E-health to Empower patients with Musculoskeletal Pain in Rural Australia (EMPoweR): a pilot study. Actrn12618001494224 2018.
Actrn12619001297112 {published data only}
    1. Actrn12619001297112. Exercise for hip osteoarthritis symptoms: the PHOENIX study [Exercise for hip osteoarthritis related pain and physical dysfunction: the PHOENIX study]. Actrn12619001297112 2019.
Actrn12623000780651 {published data only}
    1. Actrn12623000780651. Effects of a self-directed online Tai Chi program in people with knee osteoarthritis: randomised controlled trial (The RETREAT Trial). Actrn12623000780651 2023.
Akgul 2023 {published data only}
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Bilzon 2023 {published data only}
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BozgeyIk 1830 {published data only}
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Cagnin 2022 {published data only}
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ChiCTR2000039878 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2000039878. The research of the biomechanical mechanism of the combination of manipulation and exercise in the management of knee osteoarthritis based on. ChiCTR2000039878 2020.
ChiCTR2000040769 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2000040769. The research of the biomechanical mechanism of the exercise in the management of knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2000040769 2020.
ChiCTR2100046313 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2100046313. Virtual reality assisted lower limbs muscle training for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot randomized controlled trial. ChiCTR2100046313 2021.
ChiCTR2100049907 {published data only}
    1. Effects of comprehensive exercise therapy on knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2100049907 2021.
ChiCTR2100054191 {published data only}
    1. A study on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with hip exercise based on core stability principle. ChiCTR2100054191 2021.
ChiCTR2300067559 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2300067559. Efficacy and safety of platelet rich plasma combined with Tai Chi for knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2300067559 2023. - PMC - PubMed
ChiCTR2300069339 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2300069339. Tai Chi for treating patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. ChiCTR2300069339 2023.
ChiCTR2300071797 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR2300071797. Effect of exercise rehabilitation prescribed by VAS pain score on cardiopulmonary fitness in patients with knee osteoarthritis. ChiCTR2300071797 2023.
ChiCTR‐IOR‐14005414 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR-IOR-14005414. Combined application of celecoxib and exercise therapy in people with knee osteoarthritis: randomised controlled trial. ChiCTR-IOR-14005414 2014.
ChiCTR‐IPR‐17013465 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR-IPR-17013465. Managing knee osteoarthritis with Shi's exercise programs in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. ChiCTR-IPR-17013465 2017. - PMC - PubMed
Ctri/2019/02/017422 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2019/02/017422. To check the effect of Yoga in Osteoarthritis [Effectiveness of yoga therapy on quality of life in osteoarthritis of knee joint]. Ctri/2019/02/017422 2019.
Ctri/2019/07/019989 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2019/07/019989. A study to assess the effectiveness of a mobile app based intervention to improve activity, pain and movement of knee in patient with Knee Osteoarthritis attending Orthopaedic OPD, PGIMER, Chandigarh. Ctri/2019/07/019989 2019.
Ctri/2020/04/024415 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2020/04/024415. Physiotherapy treatment for knee osteoarthritis subjectseffect of neuromuscular exercises on articular cartilage in knee osteoarthritis. Ctri/2020/04/024415 2020.
Ctri/2020/05/025097 {published data only}
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Ctri/2021/06/034213 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2021/06/034213. Effect of exercises and electrical stimulation in patients with knee osteoarthritiseffect of neuromuscular exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Ctri/2021/06/034213 2021.
Ctri/2021/12/038685 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2021/12/038685. Effects of core exercises on pain and function in knee osteoarthritis patientseffects of core stability exercises on pain and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis - a comparative study. Ctri/2021/12/038685 2021.
Ctri/2022/02/040249 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2022/02/040249. To find the effect of core muscle exercise check with pain and dynamic balance in osteoarthritis of knee patients [Effectiveness of core muscles strengthening on pain and dynamic balance in patients with osteoarthritis knee-an interventional study]. Ctri/2022/02/040249 2022.
Ctri/2022/05/042853 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2022/05/042853. In knee osteoarthritis comparison of effectiveness of ankle, hip and core strengthening exercise. strengthening [Effect of core and lower extremity strengthening on the functionality of patient with knee OA: a comparative study]. Ctri/2022/05/042853 2022.
Ctri/2022/12/047849 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2022/12/047849. App Based physiotherapy rehabilitation in community for the patient with osteoarthritis of knee joint. Ctri/2022/12/047849 2022.
Ctri/2023/02/049448 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/02/049448. Core vs hip strengthening on knee function in adults with OA knee [Effect of core versus hip strengthening on knee function in adults with osteoarthritis knee: a randomized controlled trial]. Ctri/2023/02/049448 2023. - PMC - PubMed
Ctri/2023/06/054225 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/06/054225. Effect of hip abductor strengthening & iliotibial band stretching in patients with knee pain. Ctri/2023/06/054225 2023.
Ctri/2023/08/056593 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/08/056593. Effect of addition of backward walking to traditional treatment on pain, balance, walking pattern, strength, flexibility, disability and mobility in patients with knee pain. Ctri/2023/08/056593 2023.
Ctri/2023/10/059073 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/10/059073. Importance of lumbar core stabilization exercises on pulmonary functions, pain, dynamic balance and functional activities in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Ctri/2023/10/059073 2023.
Ctri/2023/11/059651 {published data only}
    1. Ctri/2023/11/059651. To observe the effect of homoeopathic medicines and yoga therapy in management of knee pain. Ctri/2023/11/059651 2023.
Dieter 2022 {published data only}
    1. Dieter V, Haupt G, Janssen P, Krauss I. Randomized-controlled trial to evaluate a 12-week app- and brace-assisted exercise intervention in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2022;30 Suppl 1:S401-S402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.02.539] - DOI
Drks00009677 {published data only}
    1. Drks00009677. Preventing the progression of osteoarthritis of the knee grade 2- 3 by mechanical stimulation with high impact physical exercise training device (GALILEO). Drks00009677 2016.
Drks00018847 {published data only}
    1. Drks00018847. Feasibility and effectiveness of an individualized, group-based physical exercise program with educational components in people with knee and/or hip OA; a randomized controlled pilot study. Drks00018847 2019.
Drks00023269 {published data only}
    1. Drks00023269. Randomized controlled study in a wait-list control design to evaluate a 12-week app- and orthesis-supported training intervention in patients with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis. Drks00023269 2020.
Drks00027164 {published data only}
    1. Drks00027164. The usability and preliminary effectiveness of an app-based training and educational program (Join2Move) in people with hip and/ or knee osteoarthritis-; a randomized controlled pilot study. Drks00027164 2021.
Drks00028477 {published data only}
    1. Drks00028477. SmArt-E: smartphone-assisted osteoarthritis training with eduction. Drks00028477 2022.
Drks00030932 {published data only}
    1. Drks00030932. Randomized controlled trial to evaluate a 12-week app-guided exercise intervention in patients with knee osteoarthritis (re.flex). Drks00030932 2023.
Fugaru 2022 {published data only}
    1. Fugaru O, Kamal D, Kamal C, Rogoveanu O, Traistaru R. Rehabilitation program in osteoarthritis patients during the COVID-19 lockdown. Osteoporosis International 2022;32 Suppl 1:S128-S129. [DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06125-9] - DOI
Gholami 2023 {published data only}
    1. Gholami Z, Faezi ST, Letafatkar A, Madreseh E. Pain neuroscience education, blended exercises and booster sessions as an effective therapy for pain, functional and psychological factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a study protocol for a single-blind randomised controlled trial with 2 2 factorial design during 6-month follow-up. BMJ Open 2023;13(5):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070336] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Irct20101017004952n10 {published data only}
    1. Irct20101017004952n10. Effect of exercise therapy with and without intra-articular hyaluronic acid in knee osteoarthritis. Irct20101017004952n10 2020.
Irct20101228005486n7 {published data only}
    1. Irct20101228005486n7. Comparative study of the efficacy of three protocols of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES), exercise ‎therapy and NMES combined with exercise therapy on pain, quadriceps muscle thickness, and physical function of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a controlled randomized trial with a three-month follow-up. Irct20101228005486n7 2020.
Irct20150131020888n10 {published data only}
    1. Irct20150131020888n10. The effect of treadmill exercise in subjects with bilateral knee osteoarthritis [The effect of treadmill exercise with conventional physical therapy on the spatiotemporal parameters of the gait in subjects with bilateral moderate knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20150131020888n10 2018.
Irct20160531028186n4 {published data only}
    1. Irct20160531028186n4. The effect of hydrotherapy on balance in patients with grade 2 and 3 knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Irct20160531028186n4 2019.
Irct20161208031300n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20161208031300n1. The effect of resistance training and nano curcumin supplementation on synovial fluid biomarkers [Study of the effect of resistance training and nano curcumin supplementation on synovial fluid biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20161208031300n1 2018.
Irct2017052027741n4 {published data only}
    1. Irct2017052027741n4. The effect of exercise on the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcomes of elders [A comparison of the effects of attendance and non attendance exercise training on the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcomes in low literacy elderly dwelling in Mashhad]. Irct2017052027741n4 2017.
Irct20170827035926n2 {published data only}
    1. The effect of ”chair yoga” on knee joints [sic] pain & physical function, balance and fear of falling among community-dwelling older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Irct20170827035926n2 2018.
Irct2017100218117n2 {published data only}
    1. Irct2017100218117n2. The effect of home-based rehabilitation on the treatment of knee qsteoarthritis [The effect of home-based rehabilitation ttraining on pain, performance, general health and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Irct2017100218117n2 2017.
Irct20190322043099n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20190322043099n1. The effect of proprioceptive exercises in the military elderly with knee osteoarthritis [The effect of proprioceptive exercises on pain, balance and risk of falling in the military elderly with knee osteoarthritis; a randomized clinical trial]. Irct20190322043099n1 2023.
Irct20190816044538n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20190816044538n1. Effect of hip muscles strengthening exercises on anterior knee pain [Effect of hip abductor and external rotator muscles strengthening on patellofemoral pain symptoms, hip muscles strength, and lower extremity kinematics in patients with patellofemoral pain]. Irct20190816044538n1 2019.
Irct20191221045846n2 {published data only}
    1. Irct20191221045846n2. Short term effects of exercises among knee osteoarthritis (OA) participants who are overweight or obese [Short term effects of strengthening exercises of lower limb rehabilitation protocol (LLRP) on pain, stiffness, physical function and body mass index (BMI)]. Irct20191221045846n2 2020. - PMC - PubMed
Irct20200107046035n10 {published data only}
    1. Irct20200107046035n10. The effect of combined rehabilitation program on pain and function in athletes with knee osteoarthritis [The effect of 6 weeks of combined rehabilitation program (electrical stimulation and isometric contraction) on pain and function in athletes with knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20200107046035n10 2022.
Irct20200204046368n8 {published data only}
    1. Irct20200204046368n8. The home-based exercise intervention and women with knee osteoarthritis [The effects of a home-based exercise intervention on women with knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20200204046368n8 2021.
Irct20200807048331n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20200807048331n1. Comparison of the effect of using elastic band and flamingo exercise on knee osteoarthritis [Comparison of the effect of two methods using elastic band and flamingo exercise on functional balance, proprioceptive and osteoarthritis indicators in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20200807048331n1 2020.
Irct20210129050172n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20210129050172n1. Investigating the effect of exercise program on improving sleep quality and quality of life [The effect of exercise program on improving quality of life and sleep quality in the elderly with osteoarthritis of the knee]. Irct20210129050172n1 2021.
Irct20210529051427n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20210529051427n1. The effect of hip abductor exercises on pain, function and balance parameters in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Irct20210529051427n1 2021.
Irct20220206053950n2 {published data only}
    1. Irct20220206053950n2. Effectiveness of muscle strengthening exercises on knee osteoarthritis [Effectiveness of muscle strengthening exercises on pain, physical function and morning stiffness of patients with osteoarthritis of knee: a randomized four-arm controlled trial]. Irct20220206053950n2 2022.
Irct20230124057196n1 {published data only}
    1. Irct20230124057196n1. Effects of knee strengthening exercises with and without hip strengthening exercises in women with knee osteoarthritis: randomized controlled trail. Irct20230124057196n1 2023.
Irct20230216057434n3 {published data only}
    1. Irct20230216057434n3. Effectiveness of two manual therapy technique in osteo arthritis [Effect of Iliotibial band myofascial release combined with valgus controlled exercises on pain, range of motion, balance and quality of life in patients with grade II knee osteoarthritis]. Irct20230216057434n3 2023.
Isrctn12950684 {published data only}
    1. Isrctn12950684. Telerehabilitation versus monitored increased physical activity on pain and functionality of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Isrctn12950684 2020.
    1. Moutzouri M, Gioftsos G. How effective is a blended web-based rehabilitation for improving pain, physical activity, and knee function of patients with knee osteoarthritis? Study protocol for a randomized control trial. PloS One 2022;17(5):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268652] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Isrctn15564385 {published data only}
    1. Groves-Williams D, McHugh GA, Bennell KL, Comer C, Hensor EM, Conner M, et al. Evaluation of two electronic-rehabilitation programmes for persistent knee pain: protocol for a randomised feasibility trial. BMJ Open 2022;12(6):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063608] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Isrctn15564385. E-rehab for knee pain [Evaluation of electronic-rehabilitation programmes for chronic knee pain]. Isrctn15564385 2020.
Isrctn75983430 {published data only}
    1. Isrctn75983430. Tailored exercise management for people aged 80 years or older with hip/knee osteoarthritis [Tailored Exercise Management for People aged 80 years or older with hip/knee Osteoarthritis (TEMPO): a feasibility randomised trial]. Isrctn75983430 2021.
Itmctr2200006721 {published data only}
    1. Itmctr2200006721. Effects of Yijinjing exercise on patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Itmctr2200006721 2022.
Jakiela 2022 {published data only}
    1. Jakiela JT, Voinier D, Hinman RS, Copson J, Schmitt LA, Leonard TR, et al. Comparing an expanded versus brief telehealth physical therapy intervention for knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for the delaware PEAK randomized controlled trial. Physical Therapy 2022;06:pzac139. [DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzac139] - DOI - PubMed
Jprn‐Umin000048356 {published data only}
    1. Jprn-Umin000048356. An association between central sensitization and autonomic nervous system and an effect of aeobic exercise for patietns with knee and hip osteoarthritis. Jprn-Umin000048356 2022.
jRCTs052200069 {published data only}
    1. JRCTs052200069. Pain relief evaluation using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and exercise therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee. JRCTs052200069 2020.
Karaborklu 2023 {published data only}
    1. Karaborklu Argut S, Celik D, Ergin O, Kilicoglu O. The comparison of PRP alone, supervised exercise alone, and PRP combined with supervised exercise in management of knee osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1818;82:1818-19. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.283] - DOI
Kct0006170 {published data only}
    1. Kct0006170. Effects of the lower extremity muscle strengthening exercise on knee osteoarthritis using the Biodfeedback system (exoRehab) : a randomized controlled trial(RCT) study. Kct0006170 2021.
Kong 2022 {published data only}
    1. Kong J, Wang C. Neurobiological mechanisms of a remote-delivered mind-body intervention for knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2022;74 Suppl 9:3790-1. [DOI: 10.1002/art.42355] - DOI
Kong 2023 {published data only}
    1. Kong J, Wang C. Modulatory effects of remote tai Chi on the functional connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with knee osteoarthritis pain: a randomized brain-imaging study. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2023;31 Suppl 1:S299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.01.308] - DOI
Kumar 2022 {published data only}
    1. Kumar D, Costello KE, Shah N, Neogi T, Lee S, Rose MJ, et al. Mindful walking in knee osteoarthritis: a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2022;30 Suppl 1:S72-S73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.02.087] - DOI
Moutzouri 2023 {published data only}
    1. Moutzouri MM, Gioftsos GG. Investigation of a blended rehabilitation approach in function and physical activity levels of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial implemented in structurally weak urban areas in Greece. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 2023;35 Suppl 1:S161. [DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02442-7] - DOI
Nct02387034 {published data only}
    1. Nct02387034. Swedish PAP in osteoarthritis - a RCT study [The effect on Swedish physical activity on prescription (PAP) in patients in primary care with osteoarthritis in knee or hip - a RCT-study]. Nct02387034 2015.
Nct02748291 {published data only}
    1. Nct02748291. An investigation into the role of walking in treating the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis: the walkout study. Nct02748291 2016.
Nct03064139 {published data only}
    1. Nct03064139. Mindful walking intervention for knee osteoarthritis [Mind Your Walk intervention forcommunity-based management of knee OA: a feasibility study]. Nct03064139 2017.
Nct03363490 {published data only}
    1. Nct03363490. The study of neuromuscular exercise therapy and patients self-management program in knee osteoarthritis. Nct03363490 2017.
Nct03431298 {published data only}
    1. Nct03431298. The benefit of functional movement control for patients with knee osteoarthritisthe benefit of increasing physical activity and functional movement control for patients with stage II or III knee osteoarthritis. Nct03431298 2018.
Nct03920020 {published data only}
    1. Nct03920020. Comparison of the effects of concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercises in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Nct03920020 2019.
Nct04099017 {published data only}
    1. Nct04099017. Mulligan manual therapy and trunk stabilization exercises versus isometric knee strengthening on knee osteoarthritis. Nct04099017 2019.
Nct04154059 {published data only}
    1. Nct04154059. Strengthening program for foot-ankle muscles in people with knee osteoarthritis [Effects of a strengthening program for foot-ankle muscles in clinical aspects and gait biomechanics of people with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized blinded clinical trial]. Nct04154059 2019.
Nct04308967 {published data only}
    1. Nct04308967. Central sensitization in knee osteoarthritis [Effects of balance exercises on central sensitization in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct04308967 2020.
Nct04325334 {published data only}
    1. Nct04325334. Osteoarthritis running & cartilage assessment linking biomechanical and imaging outcomes to better understand the effects of running on knee joint health. Nct04325334 2020.
Nct04362618 {published data only}
    1. Nct04362618. Exercise therapy for osteoarthritis pain: how does it work? Nct04362618 2020.
Nct04615377 {published data only}
    1. Nct04615377. The Kaia knee and hip intervention for self-management of knee and hip pain [The Kaia knee and hip intervention for self-management of knee and hip painthe kaia knee and hip intervention for self-management of knee and hip pain in patients with osteoarthritis - a randomized controlled study]. Nct04615377 2020.
Nct04645732 {published data only}
    1. Nct04645732. Personalized exercise therapy and self-management for patients with multimorbidity [Improving health in people with multimorbidity: a paradigm shift in health care from disease-based curative models to personalized exercise therapy and self-management]. Nct04645732 2020.
Nct04669834 {published data only}
    1. Nct04669834. Effect of core stability exercise on isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis [Effect of core stability exercise on temporal activation of core muscles and vasti in isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis]. Nct04669834 2020.
Nct04678609 {published data only}
    1. Nct04678609. OKV versus CKC for biomechanics and function in mild knee OA patients [Effects of open and closed kinetic chain exercise on functional outcomes and lower limb biomechanics in mild knee osteoarthritis patients]. Nct04678609 2020.
Nct04697667 {published data only}
    1. Nct04697667. Exercise and PRP vs exercise alone in patients with knee osteoarthritis [The combination of exercise and PRP vs exercise alone in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial]. Nct04697667 2021.
Nct04767854 {published data only}
    1. Nct04767854. Digital osteoarthritis caredigital osteoarthritis care- DigiOA. Nct04767854 2021.
Nct04909086 {published data only}
    1. Nct04909086. Different modes of isotonic exercises for knee osteoarthritis [Effect of different modes of isotonic exercises on clinical outcomes and cartilage biomarkers in knee osteoarthritis]. Nct04909086 2021.
Nct05197010 {published data only}
    1. Nct05197010. Clinical efficacy of IoMT-based exercise program for the elderly [Clinical efficacy of IoMT-based exercise program for the elderly with chronic musculoskeletal disorders]. Nct05197010 2022.
Nct05272124 {published data only}
    1. Nct05272124. Effects of hip abductors strengthening in knee osteoarthritis [Comparison of hip abductors and quadriceps strengthening with quadriceps strengthening alone in knee osteoarthritis]. Nct05272124 2022.
Nct05272748 {published data only}
    1. Nct05272748. The effects of conventional exercise combined with core stabilization exercise by telerehabilitation in patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis. Nct05272748 2022.
Nct05287802 {published data only}
    1. Nct05287802. The efficacy of balance and proprioception exercises in patients with knee osteoarthritis [The efficacy of balance and proprioception exercises in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled study]. Nct05287802 2022. - PubMed
Nct05319964 {published data only}
    1. Nct05319964. Anti-gravity treadmill training in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Nct05319964 2022.
Nct05334524 {published data only}
    1. Nct05334524. Kinesiotaping with and without combined chain exercises in patients with knee osteoarthritis [Effects of kinesiotaping with and without combined chain exercises on pain, range of motion and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct05334524 2022.
Nct05518890 {published data only}
    1. Nct05518890. Effect of energy restriction and exercise for knee osteoarthritis [Effect of short-term negative energy balance with or without exercise on systemic biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct05518890 2022.
Nct05595317 {published data only}
    1. Nct05595317. The effects of non-immersive virtual reality exercises on muscle excitability in knee osteoarthritis [The investigation of the effects of non-immersive virtual reality exercises on muscle excitability around the knee and balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct05595317 2022.
Nct05670314 {published data only}
    1. Nct05670314. lIfestyle iNterventionS for PaIn ReliEf (INSPIRE) molecular signatures of endocannabinoid induced pain relief in humans: lifestyle interventions, systemic and localised changes. Nct05670314 2023.
Nct05827003 {published data only}
    1. Nct05827003. Effects of exercise versus topical agents on knee osteoarthritisthe comparison of the effectiveness of exercise and topical agent treatments in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Nct05827003 2023.
Nct05836792 {published data only}
    1. Nct05836792. The effect of cycle ergometer with biofeedback on deep sensation in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis. Nct05836792 2023.
Nct05839262 {published data only}
    1. Nct05839262. Active video games for older adults with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis [Physical exercise guided by active video games for optimizing clinical and psychosocial outcomes in older adults with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis under a community-based rehabilitation]. Nct05839262 2023.
Nct05855681 {published data only}
    1. Nct05855681. Effect of strengthening hip rotators and ankle muscles on knee osteoarthritis. Nct05855681 2023.
Nct05857605 {published data only}
    1. Nct05857605. The impact of a seated compact elliptical trainer on individuals with knee OA. Nct05857605 2023.
Nct05997862 {published data only}
    1. Nct05997862. A hip flexion feedback system for exercise monitoring in individuals with osteoarthritis and obesity. Nct05997862 2023.
Nct05999110 {published data only}
    1. Nct05999110. Algarve Active Ageing - Cardiac and Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation (A3-COR) Algarve Active Ageing - Cardiac and Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation: personalized physical exercise protocol in after acute myocardial infarction or cardiovascular risk and knee osteoarthritis. Nct05999110 2023.
Nct06010394 {published data only}
    1. Nct06010394. Control of edema in the knee in patients with knee osteoarthritis [Comparison of the effectiveness of exercise and classical massage in the control of edema in the knee in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct06010394 2023.
Nct06084949 {published data only}
    1. Nct06084949. Effect of structured exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis [Effect of Nordic walking and inspiratory muscle training to promote cardiopulmonary function in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. Nct06084949 2023.
Nct06130774 {published data only}
    1. Nct06130774. Effects of retro-walking in patients with knee OA [Effects of retro-walking in knee OA along with conventional therapy]. Nct06130774 2023.
Ng 2022 {published data only}
    1. Ng WH, Jamaludin NI, Sahabuddin FN, Ab Rahman S, Ahmed Shokri A, Shaharudin S. Comparison of the open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain strengthening exercises on pain perception and lower limb biomechanics of patients with mild knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial protocol. Trials 2022;23(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06153-8] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Nicolson 2023 {published data only}
    1. Nicolson PJ, Holden MA, Marian IR, Williamson E, Dutton SJ, Garrett A, et al. Tailored exercise management (TEMPO) versus usual care for people aged 80 years or older with hip/knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial. Pilot and Feasibility Studies 2023;9(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01275-5] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Pactr202108619222230 {published data only}
    1. Pactr202108619222230. Long-term effects of combined chain exercises plus kinesio taping compared with combined chain exercises or kinesio taping alone in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Pactr202108619222230 2021. - PubMed
RBR‐29jhy2r {published data only}
    1. RBR-29jhy2r. Pilates method in the treatment of people with arthrosis of the knee [The influence of the Pilates method on improving pain and function in elderly with osteoarthritis of the knee]. RBR-29jhy2r 2022.
RBR‐2fkzb2s {published data only}
    1. RBR-2fkzb2s. Effect of acupuncture with electrical stimuli and therapy with games in elderly with knee arthrosis [Effect of electroacupuncture and Wii therapy on functional performance and inflammatory parameters in elderly with knee osteoarthritis]. RBR-2fkzb2s 2022.
RBR‐2hxj58 {published data only}
    1. RBR-2hxj58. Effect of physical therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis [Effects of different physical therapy protocols on knee osteoarthritis treatment]. RBR-2hxj58 2015.
RBR‐4kryg4s {published data only}
    1. RBR-4kryg4s. Effectiveness of an internet-delivered physical exercise program in pain and physical function of women with knee osteoarthritis. RBR-4kryg4s 2023.
RBR‐53trrwk {published data only}
    1. RBR-53trrwk. Effects of graded exercise in pain processing in patients with knee arthrosis [Effects of graded exercise in pain processing in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial]. RBR-53trrwk 2023.
RBR‐5g9n5g {published data only}
    1. RBR-5g9n5g. Effect of hip muscle strengthening in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee [Efficacy of the strengthening of the postero lateral lateral musculature of the hip in individuals with osteoarthritis of knee]. RBR-5g9n5g 2018.
RBR‐5zpphs {published data only}
    1. RBR-5zpphs. Impact of hidrotherapy and dry land exercises in daily activities and quality of life of older people with knee osteoarthritis [Impact of physiotherapy aquatic and dry land exercise in functional capacity and quality of life of older adults with knee osteoarthritis]. RBR-5zpphs 2016.
RBR‐747wrkx {published data only}
    1. RBR-747wrkx. Analysis of the effects of progressive neuromuscular training on pain and neuromuscular performance in elderly women with osteoarthritis of the knee. RBR-747wrkx 2021.
RBR‐7s6ymc {published data only}
    1. RBR-7s6ymc. Effect of low-level laser and exercise improving balance and functionality in people with knee osteoarthritis. RBR-7s6ymc 2015.
Slctr/2022/022 {published data only}
    1. Slctr/2022/022. Finding the effect of a customized exercise program in improving pain and disability of people with knee arthritis compared to usual exercise program: a randomized controlled study. Slctr/2022/022 2022.
Tctr20230130003 {published data only}
    1. Tctr20230130003. Short term effects of home-based isometric quadriceps exercise can alleviate pain and improve quality of life in elderly people with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial. Tctr20230130003 2023.
Tctr20230130005 {published data only}
    1. Tctr20230130005. Effectiveness of mobile exergaming with sensor-based visual feedback for active range of motion and quadriceps muscle power training in elderly with knee osteoarthritis: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Tctr20230130005 2023.
Umin000039723 {published data only}
    1. Umin000039723. Central pain modulation and exercise-induced hypoalgesia in Japanese patients with knee and hip osteoarthritisCentral pain modulation and exercise-induced hypoalgesia in Japanese patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis. Umin000039723 2020.
Wang 2022a {published data only}
    1. Wang XY, Xie SH, Zhang YJ, Zhu SY, Zhang RS, Wang L, et al. Effect of IoT-based power cycling and quadriceps training on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial protocol. Medicine (United States) 2022;101(50):E31841. [DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031841] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Wang 2022b {published data only}
    1. Wang HN, Chen Y, Cheng L, Wang ST, Hu DX, Wang LN, et al. Effect of low-load resistance training with different degrees of blood flow restriction in patients with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized trial. Trials 2022;23(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05946-7] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Weber 2023 {published data only}
    1. Weber F, Muller C, Bahns C, Kopkow C, Farber F, Gellert P, et al. Smartphone-assisted training with education for patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis (SmArt-E): study protocol for a multicentre pragmatic randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2023;24(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06255-7] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Xie 2018 {published data only}
    1. Xie Y, Zhang C, Jiang W, Huang J, Xu L, Pang G, et al. Quadriceps combined with hip abductor strengthening versus quadriceps strengthening in treating knee osteoarthritis: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2018;19(1):(no pagination). [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2041-7] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Yang 2023 {published data only}
    1. Yang K, Ding Y, Xu H, Lai M, Xu X, Yu X, et al. Efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma combined with Tai Chi for knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2023;18(1):885. [DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04372-6] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Zheng 2021 {published data only}
    1. Zheng H, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Wang Q. Effect of Tai Chi exercise on lower limb function and balance ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (United States) 2021;100(46):E27647. [DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027647] - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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