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. 2024 Dec 4;14(12):e085479.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085479.

Impact of edentulism on community-dwelling adults in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: a systematic review

Emma Hunter  1 , Luciana De Moura Brito  2 , Prabhath Piyasena  3   4 , Egle Petrauskiene  5 , Nathan Congdon  3   6   7 , Georgios Tsakos  5 , Gianni Virgili  8   9 , Manu Mathur  10 , Jayne V Woodside  3 , Cláudio Leles  2   11 , Gerald McKenna  3   12
Affiliations

Impact of edentulism on community-dwelling adults in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: a systematic review

Emma Hunter et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to comprehensively explore the consequences of edentulism on community-dwelling adults in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries.

Design: Systematic review and Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM).

Data sources: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from inception to 21 March 2023, in addition to grey literature searches, reference cross-checking and study recommendations.

Eligibility criteria: Interventional and observational epidemiological studies of community-dwelling completely edentulous adults aged 18 years and above, residing in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries were included. Animal studies, studies of children and adolescents, studies of exclusively non-community-dwelling individuals and studies exclusive to partially dentate, dentate and treated edentulous individuals were excluded. There were no language restrictions. Search terms were designed to identify relevant articles, which examined the impact of edentulism on oral health-related quality of life, frailty, general health, physical health, mental health, nutritional status, employability, education, socioeconomic status and mortality.

Data extraction and synthesis: Data were extracted manually by two authors. Risk of bias was assessed using the QualSyst Tool. Articles were synthesised and reported using SWiM guidelines.

Results: The seven broad outcome areas included mortality, frailty, mental health, general health, quality of life, health behaviour and nutrition. We identified no studies assessing the impact of edentulism on productivity or other economic outcomes, and no randomised trials of treatment for edentulism with any of these outcomes. Among 364 articles identified from database searches and 38 additional articles from reference cross-checks and professional recommendations, title and abstract screening resulted in a full text review of 58. Among these, 32 were subsequently included for narrative synthesis, with sample sizes ranging from 539 to 237 023 participants. All studies (n=32) contributing to the synthesis reported negative impact of edentulism on outcomes including mortality, frailty, mental health, general health, cognition and nutrition.

Conclusions: Edentulism has a consistently negative impact on the health outcomes examined in this review. Randomised trials are needed to evaluate interventions reducing the burden of edentulism, specifically with regard to economic and productivity outcomes.

Prospero registration number: CRD42022320049.

Keywords: Health; Public Health; Systematic Review.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: PP was a Research Fellow funded by the Wellcome Trust (through a Senior Investigator Award, No: 222490/Z/21/Z). EH initially prepared this systematic review as part of a Master’s in Public Health (MPH) dissertation through Queen’s University Belfast. This MPH was funded as part of specialty training in Public Health by The Public Health Agency (PHA)/Northern Ireland Medical and Dental Training Agency (NIMDTA) and was a Northern Ireland corepresentative of the Specialty Registrars Committee (SRC) with the Faculty of Public Health UK at the time of submission. At the time of submission, GT was the chair of the Platform for Better Oral Health in Europe and is associate editor of Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. All other authors (GM, JW, NC, CL, GV, EP, LM and MM) declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flowchart.
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