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Review

Blood Biomarkers: Noncoding RNAs and Proteins

David C. Henshall, Michele Simonato
Jeffrey L. Noebels  1 , Massimo Avoli  2 , Michael A. Rogawski  3 , Annamaria Vezzani  4 , Antonio V. Delgado-Escueta  5
, editors.
In: Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. 5th edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 2024. Chapter 37.
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Review

Blood Biomarkers: Noncoding RNAs and Proteins

David C. Henshall et al.
Free Books & Documents

Excerpt

The diagnosis of epilepsy and recent seizure remain important clinical challenges. Blood-based molecules represent potential circulating biomarkers that could provide simple, cheap, quick tests to support diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and decisions on choice and effectiveness of therapy. There have been recent and significant advances in identifying candidate molecules. A number of proteins hold promise, including HMGB1, matrix proteins, and neuron-enriched markers such as UCHL1. Small noncoding RNAs called microRNAs have more recently emerged, with interest stemming from their tissue-specific expression, suitability for rapid and quantitative assay, and link to mechanisms of disease and potential as treatments. Here we review why blood-based biomarkers are needed, the properties sought, and the quality and quantity of evidence obtained from clinical and experimental studies. We finish by identifying the necessary studies in the future that could bring these valuable supports to the clinic.

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