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. 2022 Aug 18;60(3):430-444.
doi: 10.32615/ps.2022.033. eCollection 2022.

Ultrastructure, adaptability, and alleviation mechanisms of photosynthetic apparatus in plants under waterlogging: A review

S Sharma  1 , U Bhatt  1 , J Sharma  1 , H M Kalaji  2   3 , J Mojski  4   5 , V Soni  1
Affiliations

Ultrastructure, adaptability, and alleviation mechanisms of photosynthetic apparatus in plants under waterlogging: A review

S Sharma et al. Photosynthetica. .

Abstract

Photosynthesis is a process highly sensitive to various abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. Among them, the major abiotic stress, waterlogging, affects the crop's growth and productivity. Under waterlogging, the photosynthetic apparatus of plants was destroyed. Waterlogging reduced chlorophyll content and the net photosynthetic rate. Therefore, this updated review summarized the effect of waterlogging on chloroplast ultrastructure, photosynthetic characteristics, and chlorophyll fluorescence attributes of plant species. By studying various research papers, we found that intercellular concentration of available carbon dioxide in mesophyll cells, assimilation of carbon, and the net photosynthetic ratio declined under waterlogging. The chlorophyll fluorescence efficiency of plants decreased under waterlogging. Thus, the study of photosynthesis in plants under waterlogging should be done with respect to changing climate. Moreover, the recognition of photosynthetic characteristics present in tolerant species will be beneficial for designing the waterlogging-tolerant crop plant in changing environments.

Keywords: PEP carboxylase; chlorophyll; photosynthesis; photosynthetic pigments; stomatal conductance; waterlogging.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. General mechanism of photosynthesis in plants.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. The effect of waterlogging on plant productivity and photosynthesis.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Factors affecting photosynthesis in plants under waterlogging.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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