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. 2024 Nov 20;10(23):e40569.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40569. eCollection 2024 Dec 15.

Curcuma sp. "Khamin Oi" extracts inhibit human coronavirus OC43 replication in HCT-8 colorectal cell line

Piriyakorn Pichetpongtorn  1 , Sasiporn Ruangdachsuwan  2 , Theeraporn Churod  2 , Jukrapun Komaikul  2 , Promsin Masrinoul  2 , Gorawit Yusakul  3 , Tharita Kitisripanya  1
Affiliations

Curcuma sp. "Khamin Oi" extracts inhibit human coronavirus OC43 replication in HCT-8 colorectal cell line

Piriyakorn Pichetpongtorn et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Plants belonging to the genus Curcuma have shown promise in exerting antiviral activity. In this study, Curcuma sp. "Khamin Oi" (CKO), a traditional Thai medicinal herb listed in Thai herbal pharmacopoeia, was subjected to extraction using a variety of solvents. Consequently, LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS analyses were conducted to assess the phytochemical profiles of all the crude extracts and identify the compounds potentially responsible for their antiviral effects. The antiviral effects of these extracts against the human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) were also investigated. An in-cell ELISA was used to investigate the anti-HCoV-OC43 replication activity of the crude rhizome extracts of CKO. Among the extracts, the crude hexane extract of CKO exhibited the lowest IC50 (3.62 μg/mL), with a high selectivity index (SI) of 31.90, despite having the lowest curcuminoid content. While the methanolic extract of Curcuma longa L., known for its high curcuminoid content among Curcuma species, showed an IC50 of 14.83 μg/mL with an SI of 2.80. Further in vitro and in vivo investigations of CKO crude extract are necessary to understand its potential anti-HCoV-OC43 properties.

Keywords: Bisdemethoxycurcumin; Curcuma; Curcumin; Curcuminoid; Demethoxycurcumin; HCT-8 colorectal cell; Human coronavirus OC43; Khamin oi; Sesquiterpene; Virus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Piriyakorn Pichetpongtorn reports a relationship with 10.13039/501100004156Mahidol University that includes: funding grants. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The rhizome and cross-section of Curcuma sp. “Khamin Oi” (A) and C. longa (B).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Curcuminoids content in Curcuma sp. “Khamin Oi” (CKO) and C. longa (CL) crude extracts. The statistical significance of the difference between extracts was indicated by different alphabets (One-way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey's test at a significance level of p < 0.05).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
HPLC chromatograms of Curcuma sp. “Khamin Oi” crude extracts (hexane, toluene, ethanol, and methanol) and C. longa (CL) crude methanol extract at different wavelengths: at 210 nm (A), at 240 nm (B), and at 425 nm (C).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
HCoV-OC43 inhibitory effects of Curcuma sp. “Khamin Oi” (CKO), C. longa (CL) crude extracts, and standard compounds using in-cell ELISA. Dose-response curves of Curcuma sp. “Khamin Oi” crude extracts were demonstrated in (A) hexane, (B) toluene, (C) ethanol, and (D) methanol. Crude methanol extract of C. longa and the standard compounds including remdesivir, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and curcumin were demonstrated in (E)–(I), respectively.
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