MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration

Mitja M Zdouc¹, Kai Blin², Nico L L Louwen¹, Jorge Navarro¹, Catarina Loureiro¹, Chantal D Bader³, Constance B Bailey⁴, Lena Barra⁵, Thomas J Booth², Kenan A J Bozhüyük^{3

6}, José D D Cediel-Becerra⁷, Zachary Charlop-Powers⁸, Marc G Chevrette^{7

9}, Yit Heng Chooi¹⁰, Paul M D'Agostino^{3

11}, Tristan de Rond¹², Elena Del Pup¹, Katherine R Duncan¹³, Wenjia Gu¹⁴, Novriyandi Hanif¹⁵, Eric J N Helfrich^{16

17

18}, Matthew Jenner^{19

20}, Yohei Katsuyama^{21

22}, Aleksandra Korenskaia²³, Daniel Krug^{3

24

25}, Vincent Libis^{26

27}, George A Lund²⁸, Shrikant Mantri^{29

30}, Kalindi D Morgan³¹, Charlotte Owen³², Chin-Soon Phan³³, Benjamin Philmus³⁴, Zachary L Reitz³⁵, Serina L Robinson³⁶, Kumar Saurabh Singh^{1

37

38}, Robin Teufel³⁹, Yaojun Tong⁴⁰, Fidele Tugizimana^{41

42}, Dana Ulanova^{43

44}, Jaclyn M Winter⁴⁵, César Aguilar^{46

47}, Daniel Y Akiyama⁴⁸, Suhad A A Al-Salihi⁴⁹, Mohammad Alanjary¹, Fabrizio Alberti⁵⁰, Gajender Aleti⁵¹, Shumukh A Alharthi⁵², Mariela Y Arias Rojo⁵³, Amr A Arishi^{10

54}, Hannah E Augustijn^{1

55}, Nicole E Avalon⁵⁶, J Abraham Avelar-Rivas⁵⁷, Kyle K Axt³⁴, Hellen B Barbieri⁴⁸, Julio Cesar J Barbosa⁴⁸, Lucas Gabriel Barboza Segato⁵⁸, Susanna E Barrett^{59

60}, Martin Baunach⁶¹, Christine Beemelmanns^{3

24}, Dardan Beqaj⁶², Tim Berger⁶³, Jordan Bernaldo-Agüero^{64

65}, Sandra M Bettenbühl^{16

17}, Vincent A Bielinski⁶⁶, Friederike Biermann^{1

16

17}, Ricardo M Borges⁶⁷, Rainer Borriss^{68

69}, Milena Breitenbach^{16

17}, Kevin M Bretscher^{55

70

71}, Michael W Brigham⁷², Larissa Buedenbender⁷³, Brodie W Bulcock¹⁰, Carolina Cano-Prieto², João Capela⁷⁴, Victor J Carrion^{55

70

75}, Riley S Carter^{59

60}, Raquel Castelo-Branco⁷⁶, Gabriel Castro-Falcón⁵⁶, Fernanda O Chagas⁶⁷, Esteban Charria-Girón^{25

77}, Ayesha Ahmed Chaudhri^{16

17}, Vasvi Chaudhry⁷⁸, Hyukjae Choi^{79

80}, Yukyung Choi⁸¹, Roya Choupannejad⁸², Jakub Chromy⁸³, Melinda S Chue Donahey⁷, Jérôme Collemare⁸², Jack A Connolly⁸³, Kaitlin E Creamer^{84

85}, Max Crüsemann⁶¹, Andres Arredondo Cruz⁵³, Andres Cumsille⁷, Jean-Felix Dallery⁸⁶, Luis Caleb Damas-Ramos², Tito Damiani⁸⁷, Martinus de Kruijff³, Belén Delgado Martín⁷⁵, Gerardo Della Sala⁸⁸, Jelle Dillen⁸⁹, Drew T Doering⁹⁰, Shravan R Dommaraju^{59

60}, Suhan Durusu^{16

17}, Susan Egbert⁵⁸, Mark Ellerhorst⁹¹, Baptiste Faussurier^{26

27}, Artem Fetter¹³, Marc Feuermann⁹², David P Fewer⁹³, Jonathan Foldi⁸³, Andri Frediansyah^{94

95}, Erin A Garza⁹⁶, Athina Gavriilidou²³, Andrea Gentile^{97

98}, Jennifer Gerke⁹⁹, Hans Gerstmans^{100

101

102}, Juan Pablo Gomez-Escribano¹⁰³, Luz A González-Salazar⁴⁶, Natalie E Grayson⁵⁶, Claudio Greco⁵², Juan E Gris Gomez⁴⁶, Sebastian Guerra^{7

9}, Shaday Guerrero Flores¹⁰⁴, Alexey Gurevich^{3

24}, Karina Gutiérrez-García¹⁰⁵, Lauren Hart^{106

107}, Kristina Haslinger¹⁰⁸, Beibei He¹⁰⁹, Teo Hebra⁸⁷, Jethro L Hemmann¹¹⁰, Hindra Hindra^{111

112}, Lars Höing³⁹, Darren C Holland¹⁰, Jonathan E Holme¹¹³, Therese Horch², Pavlo Hrab^{1

114}, Jie Hu¹¹⁵, Thanh-Hau Huynh¹¹⁶, Ji-Yeon Hwang¹¹⁷, Riccardo Iacovelli¹¹⁸, Dumitrita Iftime⁶², Marianna Iorio⁹⁷, Sidharth Jayachandran², Eunah Jeong⁸¹, Jiayi Jing¹, Jung J Jung¹¹⁶, Yuya Kakumu^{16

17}, Edward Kalkreuter¹¹⁹, Kyo Bin Kang⁸¹, Sangwook Kang¹¹⁶, Wonyong Kim¹²⁰, Geum Jin Kim^{80

121}, Hyunwoo Kim¹²², Hyun Uk Kim¹²³, Martin Klapper¹²⁴, Robert A Koetsier¹, Cassandra Kollten¹¹, Ákos T Kovács^{55

125}, Yelyzaveta Kriukova^{3

11}, Noel Kubach²³, Aditya M Kunjapur¹²⁶, Aleksandra K Kushnareva^{3

24}, Andreja Kust^{84

85}, Jessica Lamber^{3

24

127}, Martin Larralde¹²⁸, Niels J Larsen², Adrien P Launay¹²⁹, Ngoc-Thao-Hien Le²⁶, Sarah Lebeer^{89

130}, Byung Tae Lee¹²³, Kyungha Lee⁸¹, Katherine L Lev^{106

107}, Shu-Ming Li⁶³, Yong-Xin Li¹⁰⁹, Cuauhtémoc Licona-Cassani^{46

131}, Annette Lien¹, Jing Liu¹⁰⁹, Julius Adam V Lopez^{132

133}, Nataliia V Machushynets⁵⁵, Marla I Macias¹³⁴, Taifo Mahmud³⁴, Matiss Maleckis¹³⁵, Añadir Maharai Martinez-Martinez⁴⁶, Yvonne Mast^{103

136}, Marina F Maximo⁴⁸, Christina M McBride^{106

107}, Rose M McLellan^{137

138}, Khyati Mehta Bhatt⁸², Chrats Melkonian^{1

139}, Aske Merrild¹⁴⁰, Mikko Metsä-Ketelä¹⁴¹, Douglas A Mitchell⁵⁹, Alison V Müller^{3

24

127}, Giang-Son Nguyen¹¹³, Hera T Nguyen¹⁰, Timo H J Niedermeyer¹⁴², Julia H O'Hare⁶⁷, Adam Ossowicki^{70

75}, Bohdan O Ostash^{143

144}, Hiroshi Otani^{90

145}, Leo Padva⁶¹, Sunaina Paliyal²⁹, Xinya Pan^{55

70

71}, Mohit Panghal^{29

30}, Dana S Parade³, Jiyoon Park¹¹⁶, Jonathan Parra^{146

147

148}, Marcos Pedraza Rubio^{70

75}, Huong T Pham⁸¹, Sacha J Pidot¹⁴⁹, Jörn Piel¹⁵⁰, Bita Pourmohsenin²³, Malik Rakhmanov³⁹, Sangeetha Ramesh¹⁵¹, Michelle H Rasmussen¹⁵², Adriana Rego⁷⁶, Raphael Reher⁶³, Andrew J Rice⁵⁹, Augustin Rigolet⁵⁵, Adriana Romero-Otero^{2

135}, Luis Rodrigo Rosas-Becerra^{55

57}, Pablo Y Rosiles¹²⁹, Adriano Rutz¹⁵³, Byeol Ryu⁵⁶, Libby-Ann Sahadeo⁵⁸, Murrel Saldanha⁷, Luca Salvi⁶², Eduardo Sánchez-Carvajal¹⁵⁴, Christian Santos-Medellin¹¹⁵, Nicolau Sbaraini¹⁰, Sydney M Schoellhorn¹⁵⁵, Clemens Schumm^{3

127

156}, Ludek Sehnal^{62

157}, Nelly Selem¹⁰⁴, Anjali D Shah^{158

159}, Tania K Shishido^{82

160}, Simon Sieber¹⁶¹, Velina Silviani^{79

80}, Garima Singh^{162

163}, Hemant Singh²⁹, Nika Sokolova¹⁰⁸, Eva C Sonnenschein⁵², Margherita Sosio⁹⁷, Sven T Sowa³⁹, Karin Steffen¹⁶⁴, Evi Stegmann^{62

165}, Alena B Streiff¹⁵⁰, Alena Strüder⁶², Frank Surup^{25

77}, Tiziana Svenningsen¹⁴⁰, Douglas Sweeney⁵⁶, Judit Szenei², Azat Tagirdzhanov^{3

24}, Bin Tan^{16

17}, Matthew J Tarnowski⁵², Barbara R Terlouw¹, Thomas Rey^{166

167}, Nicola U Thome^{55

101}, Laura Rosina Torres Ortega¹, Thomas Tørring¹⁴⁰, Marla Trindade¹⁶⁸, Andrew W Truman¹⁶⁹, Marie Tvilum¹⁴⁰, Daniel W Udwary⁹⁰, Christoph Ulbricht⁶¹, Lisa Vader², Gilles P van Wezel^{55

71}, Max Walmsley⁸³, Randika Warnasinghe⁵⁸, Heiner G Weddeling³⁹, Angus N M Weir^{100

170}, Katherine Williams^{158

171}, Sam E Williams², Thomas E Witte¹⁷², Steffaney M Wood Rocca^{56

96}, Keith Yamada¹⁴¹, Dong Yang¹⁷³, Dongsoo Yang¹⁷⁴, Jingwei Yu¹⁷⁵, Zhenyi Zhou¹⁷⁶, Nadine Ziemert²³, Lukas Zimmer⁶¹, Alina Zimmermann¹⁰³, Christian Zimmermann¹⁷⁷, Justin J J van der Hooft^{1

41}, Roger G Linington¹⁷⁸, Tilmann Weber², Marnix H Medema¹

Affiliations

¹ Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
² The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
³ Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
⁴ School of Chemistry, Chemistry Building, University of Sydney, Eastern Ave, Camperdown NSW 2050, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
⁶ Myria Biosciences AG, Tech Park Basel, Hochbergstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland.
⁷ Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, 1355 Museum Drive, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
⁸ Ginkgo Bioworks, 27 Drydock Avenue, 8th Floor, Boston, MA 02210, USA.
⁹ University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
¹⁰ School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth 6009, Australia.
¹¹ Chair of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
¹² School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
¹³ Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Catherine Cookson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
¹⁴ Sutro Biopharma, 111 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Gedung Kimia Wing 1 Lantai 3, Jalan Tanjung Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia.
¹⁶ Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
¹⁷ LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
¹⁸ Senckenberg Society for Nature Research, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
¹⁹ Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
²⁰ Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB), University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
²¹ Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
²² Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
²³ Translational Genome Mining for Natural Products, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Interfaculty Institute for Biomedical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
²⁴ Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
²⁵ Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
²⁶ Université Paris Cité - Inserm Unit 1284, 75015 Paris, France.
²⁷ Translational Genome Mining for Natural Products, Generare Bioscience, 75011 Paris, Île-de-France, France.
²⁸ Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
²⁹ Computational Biology Lab, National Agri-Food and Biomanufacturing Institute (NABI), Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
³⁰ Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad - 121001 Haryana (NCR Delhi), India.
³¹ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
³² Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
³³ Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles street 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
³⁴ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, 1601 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-3507, USA.
³⁵ Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, 1169 Biological Sciences II, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
³⁶ Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
³⁷ Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
³⁸ Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
³⁹ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
⁴⁰ State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
⁴¹ Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, C2 Lab Building 224, Kingsway Campus, Cnr University & Kingsway Road, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa.
⁴² International Research and Development (R&D) Division, Omnia Nutriology, Omnia Holdings Ltd, Building H, Monte Circle, 178 Montecasino Blvd, Fourways, Sandton, 2055, South Africa.
⁴³ Department of Marine Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
⁴⁴ Marine Core Research Institute, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
⁴⁵ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
⁴⁶ Industrial Genomics Laboratory, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501sur, Nuevo Leon, 64700, México.
⁴⁷ Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
⁴⁸ Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, Campinas, São Paulo, 13.083-862, Brazil.
⁴⁹ Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Al-Sina'a St., 10066, Baghdad, Iraq.
⁵⁰ School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
⁵¹ Department of Food and Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
⁵² Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
⁵³ Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Leon, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Blv. UNAM #2011, Predio El Saucillo y, Comunidad de los Tepetates, El Potrero, 37684 León de los Aldama, Gto., Mexico.
⁵⁴ Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁵⁵ Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
⁵⁶ Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0212, USA.
⁵⁷ Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Mexico.
⁵⁸ Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
⁵⁹ Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
⁶⁰ Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
⁶¹ Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
⁶² Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Microbial Bioactive Compounds, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
⁶³ Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
⁶⁴ Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
⁶⁵ Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Germán Amézaga S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, UNMSM, Lima 15081, Perú.
⁶⁶ Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, no 149, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil.
⁶⁷ Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS - Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Bloco H - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21941-599, Brazil.
⁶⁸ Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invaliden-Str. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
⁶⁹ Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMaB), University of Greifswald,Walter-Rathenau-Str. 49A, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
⁷⁰ Department of Crop Protection, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
⁷¹ Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
⁷² School of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Woodhouse, Leeds, LS2 3AA, UK.
⁷³ CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, s/n, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
⁷⁴ Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
⁷⁵ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
⁷⁶ Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
⁷⁷ Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
⁷⁸ Microbial Interactions in Plant Ecosystems, IMIT/ZMBP, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
⁷⁹ College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea.
⁸⁰ Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea.
⁸¹ College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
⁸² Fungal Natural Products, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
⁸³ Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
⁸⁴ Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, 2151Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
⁸⁵ Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, 307 McCone Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, USA.
⁸⁶ Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 22 place de l'Agronomie, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
⁸⁷ IOCB Prague, Czech Academy of Science, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
⁸⁸ Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Giardini del Molosiglio, Via A.F. Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy.
⁸⁹ Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
⁹⁰ US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
⁹¹ Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Bayreuth, Fritz-Hornschuch-Straße 13, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany.
⁹² SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
⁹³ Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00017, Helsinki, Finland.
⁹⁴ Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, Research Organization of Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Jogja - Wonosari Km 31.5, DI. Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia.
⁹⁵ Microbial Metabolites for Food Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Jogja - Wonosari Km 31.5, Gunungkidul, DI. Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia.
⁹⁶ Microbial and Environmental Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
⁹⁷ NAICONS Srl, viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy.
⁹⁸ Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Biosciences complex - Pavilion 02, Sciences and Technology Campus 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
⁹⁹ Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
¹⁰⁰ VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
¹⁰¹ Department of Biology, Laboratory for Biomolecular Discovery & Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
¹⁰² Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
¹⁰³ Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124Braunschweig, Germany.
¹⁰⁴ Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701, Sin Nombre, Residencial San José de la Huerta, 58089 Morelia, Mich.
¹⁰⁵ Biosphere Sciences and Engineering Division, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
¹⁰⁶ Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
¹⁰⁷ Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
¹⁰⁸ Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
¹⁰⁹ Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
¹¹⁰ Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany.
¹¹¹ Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada.
¹¹² Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4K1, Canada.
¹¹³ Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, P.O.Box 4760 Torgard, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
¹¹⁴ Microbiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
¹¹⁵ Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, USA.
¹¹⁶ Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
¹¹⁷ Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, USA.
¹¹⁸ Production Host Engineering Team, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Maarintie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
¹¹⁹ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratories of Molecular Recognition, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
¹²⁰ Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
¹²¹ Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdae-ro 123, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea.
¹²² College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
¹²³ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
¹²⁴ Department of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany.
¹²⁵ DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
¹²⁶ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
¹²⁷ German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
¹²⁸ Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.
¹²⁹ Bioinformatics department, Endogenomiks, El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico.
¹³⁰ U-MaMi Centre of Excellence, Middelheimlaan 1, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
¹³¹ Integrative Biology Research Unit, The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 sur, Nuevo Leon, 64700. México.
¹³² School of Innovation and Sustainability, De La Salle University, Laguna Boulevard, LTI Spine Road, Brgys. Biñan and Malamig, 4024 Biñan City, Laguna, Philippines.
¹³³ Department of Chemistry, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines.
¹³⁴ University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, G4 0RE UK.
¹³⁵ Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
¹³⁶ Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute of Microbiology, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
¹³⁷ Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
¹³⁸ Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
¹³⁹ Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
¹⁴⁰ Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
¹⁴¹ Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
¹⁴² Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
¹⁴³ Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskoho st 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine.
¹⁴⁴ German-Ukrainian Core of Excellence in Natural Products Research, Zelena str. 20, Lviv 79005, Ukraine.
¹⁴⁵ Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
¹⁴⁶ Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
¹⁴⁷ Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200, San José, Costa Rica.
¹⁴⁸ Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacéuticas (INIFAR), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
¹⁴⁹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville Victoria, Victoria 3000, Australia.
¹⁵⁰ Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
¹⁵¹ Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8751, USA.
¹⁵² Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
¹⁵³ Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
¹⁵⁴ Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Centro de Biotecnología DAL, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile.
¹⁵⁵ Department of Chemistry and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
¹⁵⁶ Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
¹⁵⁷ Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
¹⁵⁸ School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
¹⁵⁹ School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
¹⁶⁰ Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁶¹ Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich,Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
¹⁶² Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi, 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
¹⁶³ Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Via Orto Botanico 15, 35123 Padova, Italy.
¹⁶⁴ Department of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
¹⁶⁵ German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
¹⁶⁶ DE SANGOSSE, Bonnel, 47480, Pont-Du-Casse, France.
¹⁶⁷ Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse INP, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, 31320, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
¹⁶⁸ Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
¹⁶⁹ Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdome, Norwich, UK.
¹⁷⁰ The Rosalind Franklin Institute, R113 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK.
¹⁷¹ School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
¹⁷² Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
¹⁷³ Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA.
¹⁷⁴ Synthetic Biology and Enzyme Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
¹⁷⁵ Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China.
¹⁷⁶ College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Raod 18, Hangzhou 310014, China.
¹⁷⁷ Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
¹⁷⁸ Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.

PMID: 39657789
PMCID: PMC11701617
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae1115

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration

Mitja M Zdouc et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2025.

. 2025 Jan 6;53(D1):D678-D690.

doi: 10.1093/nar/gkae1115.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
² The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
³ Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
⁴ School of Chemistry, Chemistry Building, University of Sydney, Eastern Ave, Camperdown NSW 2050, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
⁶ Myria Biosciences AG, Tech Park Basel, Hochbergstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland.
⁷ Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, 1355 Museum Drive, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
⁸ Ginkgo Bioworks, 27 Drydock Avenue, 8th Floor, Boston, MA 02210, USA.
⁹ University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
¹⁰ School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth 6009, Australia.
¹¹ Chair of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
¹² School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
¹³ Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Catherine Cookson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
¹⁴ Sutro Biopharma, 111 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Gedung Kimia Wing 1 Lantai 3, Jalan Tanjung Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia.
¹⁶ Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
¹⁷ LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
¹⁸ Senckenberg Society for Nature Research, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
¹⁹ Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
²⁰ Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB), University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
²¹ Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
²² Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
²³ Translational Genome Mining for Natural Products, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Interfaculty Institute for Biomedical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
²⁴ Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
²⁵ Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
²⁶ Université Paris Cité - Inserm Unit 1284, 75015 Paris, France.
²⁷ Translational Genome Mining for Natural Products, Generare Bioscience, 75011 Paris, Île-de-France, France.
²⁸ Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
²⁹ Computational Biology Lab, National Agri-Food and Biomanufacturing Institute (NABI), Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
³⁰ Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad - 121001 Haryana (NCR Delhi), India.
³¹ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
³² Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
³³ Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles street 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
³⁴ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, 1601 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-3507, USA.
³⁵ Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, 1169 Biological Sciences II, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
³⁶ Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
³⁷ Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
³⁸ Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
³⁹ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
⁴⁰ State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
⁴¹ Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, C2 Lab Building 224, Kingsway Campus, Cnr University & Kingsway Road, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa.
⁴² International Research and Development (R&D) Division, Omnia Nutriology, Omnia Holdings Ltd, Building H, Monte Circle, 178 Montecasino Blvd, Fourways, Sandton, 2055, South Africa.
⁴³ Department of Marine Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
⁴⁴ Marine Core Research Institute, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
⁴⁵ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
⁴⁶ Industrial Genomics Laboratory, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501sur, Nuevo Leon, 64700, México.
⁴⁷ Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
⁴⁸ Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, Campinas, São Paulo, 13.083-862, Brazil.
⁴⁹ Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Al-Sina'a St., 10066, Baghdad, Iraq.
⁵⁰ School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
⁵¹ Department of Food and Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
⁵² Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
⁵³ Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Leon, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Blv. UNAM #2011, Predio El Saucillo y, Comunidad de los Tepetates, El Potrero, 37684 León de los Aldama, Gto., Mexico.
⁵⁴ Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁵⁵ Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
⁵⁶ Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0212, USA.
⁵⁷ Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Mexico.
⁵⁸ Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
⁵⁹ Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
⁶⁰ Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
⁶¹ Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
⁶² Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Microbial Bioactive Compounds, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
⁶³ Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
⁶⁴ Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
⁶⁵ Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Germán Amézaga S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, UNMSM, Lima 15081, Perú.
⁶⁶ Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, no 149, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil.
⁶⁷ Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS - Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Bloco H - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21941-599, Brazil.
⁶⁸ Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invaliden-Str. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
⁶⁹ Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMaB), University of Greifswald,Walter-Rathenau-Str. 49A, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
⁷⁰ Department of Crop Protection, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
⁷¹ Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
⁷² School of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Woodhouse, Leeds, LS2 3AA, UK.
⁷³ CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, s/n, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
⁷⁴ Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
⁷⁵ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
⁷⁶ Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
⁷⁷ Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
⁷⁸ Microbial Interactions in Plant Ecosystems, IMIT/ZMBP, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
⁷⁹ College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea.
⁸⁰ Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea.
⁸¹ College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
⁸² Fungal Natural Products, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
⁸³ Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
⁸⁴ Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, 2151Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
⁸⁵ Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, 307 McCone Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, USA.
⁸⁶ Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 22 place de l'Agronomie, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
⁸⁷ IOCB Prague, Czech Academy of Science, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
⁸⁸ Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Giardini del Molosiglio, Via A.F. Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy.
⁸⁹ Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
⁹⁰ US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
⁹¹ Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Bayreuth, Fritz-Hornschuch-Straße 13, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany.
⁹² SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
⁹³ Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00017, Helsinki, Finland.
⁹⁴ Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, Research Organization of Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Jogja - Wonosari Km 31.5, DI. Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia.
⁹⁵ Microbial Metabolites for Food Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Jogja - Wonosari Km 31.5, Gunungkidul, DI. Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia.
⁹⁶ Microbial and Environmental Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
⁹⁷ NAICONS Srl, viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy.
⁹⁸ Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Biosciences complex - Pavilion 02, Sciences and Technology Campus 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
⁹⁹ Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
¹⁰⁰ VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
¹⁰¹ Department of Biology, Laboratory for Biomolecular Discovery & Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
¹⁰² Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
¹⁰³ Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124Braunschweig, Germany.
¹⁰⁴ Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701, Sin Nombre, Residencial San José de la Huerta, 58089 Morelia, Mich.
¹⁰⁵ Biosphere Sciences and Engineering Division, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
¹⁰⁶ Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
¹⁰⁷ Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
¹⁰⁸ Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
¹⁰⁹ Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
¹¹⁰ Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany.
¹¹¹ Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada.
¹¹² Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4K1, Canada.
¹¹³ Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, P.O.Box 4760 Torgard, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
¹¹⁴ Microbiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
¹¹⁵ Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, USA.
¹¹⁶ Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
¹¹⁷ Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, USA.
¹¹⁸ Production Host Engineering Team, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Maarintie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
¹¹⁹ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratories of Molecular Recognition, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
¹²⁰ Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
¹²¹ Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdae-ro 123, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea.
¹²² College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
¹²³ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
¹²⁴ Department of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany.
¹²⁵ DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
¹²⁶ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
¹²⁷ German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
¹²⁸ Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.
¹²⁹ Bioinformatics department, Endogenomiks, El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico.
¹³⁰ U-MaMi Centre of Excellence, Middelheimlaan 1, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
¹³¹ Integrative Biology Research Unit, The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 sur, Nuevo Leon, 64700. México.
¹³² School of Innovation and Sustainability, De La Salle University, Laguna Boulevard, LTI Spine Road, Brgys. Biñan and Malamig, 4024 Biñan City, Laguna, Philippines.
¹³³ Department of Chemistry, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines.
¹³⁴ University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, G4 0RE UK.
¹³⁵ Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
¹³⁶ Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute of Microbiology, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
¹³⁷ Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
¹³⁸ Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
¹³⁹ Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
¹⁴⁰ Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
¹⁴¹ Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
¹⁴² Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
¹⁴³ Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskoho st 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine.
¹⁴⁴ German-Ukrainian Core of Excellence in Natural Products Research, Zelena str. 20, Lviv 79005, Ukraine.
¹⁴⁵ Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
¹⁴⁶ Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
¹⁴⁷ Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200, San José, Costa Rica.
¹⁴⁸ Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacéuticas (INIFAR), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
¹⁴⁹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville Victoria, Victoria 3000, Australia.
¹⁵⁰ Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
¹⁵¹ Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8751, USA.
¹⁵² Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
¹⁵³ Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
¹⁵⁴ Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Centro de Biotecnología DAL, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile.
¹⁵⁵ Department of Chemistry and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
¹⁵⁶ Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
¹⁵⁷ Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
¹⁵⁸ School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
¹⁵⁹ School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
¹⁶⁰ Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁶¹ Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich,Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
¹⁶² Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi, 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
¹⁶³ Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Via Orto Botanico 15, 35123 Padova, Italy.
¹⁶⁴ Department of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
¹⁶⁵ German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
¹⁶⁶ DE SANGOSSE, Bonnel, 47480, Pont-Du-Casse, France.
¹⁶⁷ Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse INP, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, 31320, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
¹⁶⁸ Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
¹⁶⁹ Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdome, Norwich, UK.
¹⁷⁰ The Rosalind Franklin Institute, R113 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK.
¹⁷¹ School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
¹⁷² Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
¹⁷³ Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA.
¹⁷⁴ Synthetic Biology and Enzyme Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
¹⁷⁵ Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China.
¹⁷⁶ College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Raod 18, Hangzhou 310014, China.
¹⁷⁷ Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
¹⁷⁸ Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.

PMID: 39657789
PMCID: PMC11701617
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae1115

Abstract

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015. Since its conception, MIBiG has been regularly updated to expand data coverage and remain up to date with innovations in natural product research. Here, we describe MIBiG version 4.0, an extensive update to the data repository and the underlying data standard. In a massive community annotation effort, 267 contributors performed 8304 edits, creating 557 new entries and modifying 590 existing entries, resulting in a new total of 3059 curated entries in MIBiG. Particular attention was paid to ensuring high data quality, with automated data validation using a newly developed custom submission portal prototype, paired with a novel peer-reviewing model. MIBiG 4.0 also takes steps towards a rolling release model and a broader involvement of the scientific community. MIBiG 4.0 is accessible online at https://mibig.secondarymetabolites.org/.

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Figures

**Figure 1.**
General workflow of the MIBiG annotation process. Data are submitted by annotathon contributors (organized by expertise into Interest Groups) or independent submitters to the database from new experimental data or existing/recent literature. The entries are then assessed by reviewers and revised when needed. Finally, they end up in the online MIBiG repository and become accessible by querying them online on the MIBiG web page or via interoperable tools.

**Figure 2.**
Architecture of the Kanban board used for the MIBiG annotathons. Every BGC would have its own ‘card’, where annotators with specific expertise could fill in and then check a specific part of its annotation. Once the checklist was complete, the card would move to review and, potentially, revision to repair any issues identified by the reviewers.

**Figure 3.**
Quantitative overview of updates to the MIBiG database.in comparison with the previous version 3.1. Numbers in panel (a) refer to MIBiG entries, while numbers in panel (b) refer to individual compounds (a single MIBiG entry may contain more than one compound).

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References

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MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration

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MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration

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