Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2024 Dec 10:8:e64463.
doi: 10.2196/64463.

Improving Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Glycemic Control in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial for the Evaluation of the Family-Centered Empowerment Model

Salah Alzawahreh  1 , Candan Ozturk  2
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Improving Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Glycemic Control in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial for the Evaluation of the Family-Centered Empowerment Model

Salah Alzawahreh et al. JMIR Form Res. .

Abstract

Background: Poor glycemic management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) increases complications. Enhanced control is associated with other factors, such as cultural, socioeconomic, and health care system disparities specific to the Middle East, which can greatly influence individuals' ability to get and use health care services as well as their reaction to treatment approaches.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of the family-centered empowerment model on Jordanian adolescents with T1DM, focusing on their glycosylated hemoglobin levels, self-efficacy, and quality of life (QOL).

Methods: A randomized controlled trial involved 68 adolescents with T1DM visiting Jordanian Royal Medical Services' clinics. Two sets of participant groups were created: control (n=34) and intervention (n=34). Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, receiving the family-centered empowerment model intervention, or the control group, receiving standard care. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and medical records.

Results: From April to October 2023, a total of 68 adolescents with T1DM participated in the study at the Jordanian Royal Medical Services. QOL had significant improvement among 13 (38%) of the 34 participants in the intervention group, and the program significantly improved moderate self-efficacy levels in 12 (35%) patients (P<.001). In addition, the average glycosylated hemoglobin levels dropped from 11.25% to 10.23% (P<.001). Additionally, improvements were seen in stress management, communication, and treatment adherence, with a substantial decrease in treatment obstacles. The intervention was successful in improving both clinical and psychosocial outcomes, as evidenced by the fact that the control group showed no noticeable improvements in these parameters.

Conclusions: The study suggests that patients with T1DM should receive continuous care education sessions, including self-care training, to improve their health. Nurses should also incorporate this training into treatment plans and educational programs for adolescents to enhance their QOL.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06694467; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06694467.

Keywords: HbA1c; Jordan; T1DM; adolescents; care education; educational program; empowerment; experimental evaluation; experimental study; family; family-centered; family-centered empowerment model; glycemic; glycemic control; glycosylated hemoglobin; mobile phone; quality of life; self-care; self-efficacy; teenager; type 1 diabetes mellitus.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) flowchart of study participants’ enrollment. FCEM: family-centered empowerment model.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Miolski J, Ješić M, Zdravković V. Complications of type 1 diabetes melitus in children. Med Podml. 2020;71(4):49–53. doi: 10.5937/mp71-28003. - DOI
    1. Patterson CC, Karuranga S, Salpea P, Saeedi P, Dahlquist G, Soltesz G, Ogle GD. Worldwide estimates of incidence, prevalence and mortality of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:107842. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107842.S0168-8227(19)31233-1 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zhang R, Cai XL, Liu L, Han XY, Ji LN. Type 1 diabetes induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020;133(21):2595–2598. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000972. https://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/32842016 00029330-202011050-00009 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Das AK. Type 1 diabetes in India: overall insights. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19(1):S31–33. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.155372. http://www.ijem.in/article.asp?issn=2230-8210;year=2015;volume=19;issue=... IJEM-19-31 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. McCarthy MM, Whittemore R, Gholson G, Grey M. Self-management of physical activity in adults with type 1 diabetes. Appl Nurs Res. 2017;35:18–23. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2017.02.010. https://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/28532721 S0897-1897(16)30340-8 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Substances

Associated data