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Review
. 2024 Nov 26:5:1495029.
doi: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1495029. eCollection 2024.

Climbing the longevity pyramid: overview of evidence-driven healthcare prevention strategies for human longevity

Anđela Martinović #  1   2 , Matilde Mantovani #  1   3 , Natalia Trpchevska  4 , Eva Novak  1 , Nikolay B Milev  1 , Leonie Bode  4 , Collin Y Ewald  5 , Evelyne Bischof  6   7 , Tobias Reichmuth  1 , Rebecca Lapides  8 , Alexander Navarini  9 , Babak Saravi  10 , Elisabeth Roider  1   11   12
Affiliations
Review

Climbing the longevity pyramid: overview of evidence-driven healthcare prevention strategies for human longevity

Anđela Martinović et al. Front Aging. .

Abstract

Longevity medicine is an emerging and iterative healthcare discipline focusing on early detection, preventive measures, and personalized approaches that aim to extend healthy lifespan and promote healthy aging. This comprehensive review introduces the innovative concept of the "Longevity Pyramid." This conceptual framework delineates progressive intervention levels, providing a structured approach to understanding the diverse strategies available in longevity medicine. At the base of the Longevity Pyramid lies the level of prevention, emphasizing early detection strategies and advanced diagnostics or timely identification of potential health issues. Moving upwards, the next step involves lifestyle modifications, health-promoting behaviors, and proactive measures to delay the onset of age-related conditions. The Longevity Pyramid further explores the vast range of personalized interventions, highlighting the importance of tailoring medical approaches based on genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors, and unique health profiles, thereby optimizing interventions for maximal efficacy. These interventions aim to extend lifespan and reduce the impact and severity of age-related conditions, ensuring that additional years are characterized by vitality and wellbeing. By outlining these progressive levels of intervention, this review offers valuable insights into the evolving field of longevity medicine. This structured framework guides researchers and practitioners toward a nuanced strategic approach to advancing the science and practice of healthy aging.

Keywords: aging; healthcare; lifestyle; longevity; personalized medicine; preventive medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors AM, MM, EN, NM, TR, and ER were employed by Maximon AG. MM was employed by Avea Life. NT and LB were employed by AYUN. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic representation of the Longevity Pyramid, illustrating healthcare prevention strategies to promote human lifespan. The layers include 1) Diagnostic and Analysis; 2) Lifestyle Interventions and Non-Physical Aspects; 3) Dietary Supplements; 4) Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Interventions, and 5) Experimental Strategies.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Effect of exercise on different human organ systems. This impact encompasses various benefits, including improvements in the cardiovascular system, such as enhanced blood vessels and heart function, and reduced levels of cholesterol. Additionally, it positively influences musculoskeletal health by increasing muscle mass and promoting bone formation. Furthermore, it contributes to improved hormonal regulation, decreased inflammation, and has positive effects on cognitive function and mood, while also aiding in reducing anxiety and depression. In terms of the gastrointestinal trait, it fosters microbiota diversity by promoting the growth of healthy bacteria.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Interconnected Factors Influencing Longevity. A visual representation of the interrelated non-physical factors contributing to longevity, categorized into personal behaviors (e.g., activity, sleep, diet), personal attributes (e.g., genetics, health benefits), interventions (e.g., clinical, educational), and environmental attributes (e.g., housing, security).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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