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Review
. 2024 Dec 3:2024:2564389.
doi: 10.1155/ije/2564389. eCollection 2024.

Interference Mechanisms of Endocrine System and Other Systems of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Cosmetics-In Vitro Studies

Yixuan Zhang  1 , Lihong Tu  2 , Jian Chen  1 , Lihong Zhou  2
Affiliations
Review

Interference Mechanisms of Endocrine System and Other Systems of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Cosmetics-In Vitro Studies

Yixuan Zhang et al. Int J Endocrinol. .

Abstract

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), found in various cosmetic products, interfere with the normal functioning of the endocrine system, impacting hormone regulation and posing risks to human health. Common cosmetic EDCs, such as ultraviolet (UV) filters, parabens, and triclosan, can enter the human body through different routes, including skin absorption. Their presence has been linked to adverse effects on reproduction, immune function, and development. High-throughput in vitro assays, using various human cell lines, were employed to assess the effects of common cosmetic EDCs such as ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), homosalate, and parabens. Despite ongoing regulatory efforts, gaps persist in understanding their long-term impacts, particularly when they are present as mixtures or degradation products in the environment. This study focuses on recent in vitro research to investigate the mechanisms through which cosmetic-related EDCs disrupt the endocrine system and other physiological systems. The in vitro findings highlight the broader systemic impact of these chemicals, extending beyond the endocrine system to include immune, reproductive, and cardiovascular effects. This research underscores the importance of developing safer cosmetic formulations and enhancing public health protection, emphasizing the need for stricter regulations.

Keywords: cosmetics; endocrine disrupting chemicals; mechanisms; vitro studies.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The mechanisms of EHMC in the endocrine system and other systems.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The mechanisms of BP-3 in the endocrine system and other systems.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The mechanisms of homosalate in the endocrine system and other systems.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The mechanisms of 4-MBC in the endocrine system and other systems.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The mechanisms of parabens in the endocrine system and other systems.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The mechanisms of TCS in the endocrine system and other systems.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The mechanisms of PFAS in the endocrine system and other systems.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The mechanisms of MPs in the endocrine system and other systems.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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