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Case Reports
. 2024 Dec;103(12):6003-6006.
doi: 10.1007/s00277-024-06137-5. Epub 2024 Dec 13.

Chidamide combined with azacitidine as a novel double epigenetic preemptive treatment for a myelodysplastic syndrome patient showing molecular relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Fang-Tong Liu #  1   2 , Chao-Ling Wan #  1   2 , Yuan-Hong Huang #  1   2 , Han-Yu Cao  1   2 , Xiao-Yu Lyu  1   2 , Zi-Hao Wang  1   2 , Si-Man Huang  1   2 , Kai-Wen Tan  1   2 , Shuai-Shuai Ge  1   2 , Yang Zhang  3 , Sheng-Li Xue  4   5
Affiliations
Case Reports

Chidamide combined with azacitidine as a novel double epigenetic preemptive treatment for a myelodysplastic syndrome patient showing molecular relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Fang-Tong Liu et al. Ann Hematol. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is theoretically the only curative option for high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR MDS) patients. However, the management of patients with relapsed disease post allo-HSCT remains a challenge with few standard treatments. Chidamide, a new selective histone deacetylase, has shown synergistic anti-leukemia effect combined with azacitidine in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Herein, we reported a 50-year-old HR MDS patient who experienced molecular relapse post allo-HSCT and was successfully salvaged by preemptive treatment of chidamide combined with azacitidine (CHI-AZA). This patient maintained a deep remission lasting over 2 years by regular maintenance treatment of CHI-AZA, without sever treatment-related adverse events or increased risk of graft versus host disease. This case report demonstrated that double epigenetic regimen of CHI-AZA was effective and tolerable. Formally evaluating this regimen in HR MDS patients post allo-HSCT may be meaningful.

Keywords: Azacitidine; Chidamide; Myelodysplastic syndrome; Preemptive therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. The patient has provided written informed consent for publication. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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