Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Dec;96(12):e70106.
doi: 10.1002/jmv.70106.

Unusual G9P[4] Rotavirus Emerged After the Dynamic Changes in Rotavirus Genotypes From Equine-Like G3 to Typical Human G1/G3 in Indonesia

Zayyin Dinana  1   2 , Yen Hai Doan  3 , Aussie Tahta Maharani  1 , Anisa Lailatul Fitria  1 , Laura Navika Yamani  1   2 , Juniastuti  1   2 , Rury Mega Wahyuni  1 , Soegeng Soegijanto  1 , Soetjipto  1   2 , Takako Utsumi  4 , Chieko Matsui  4 , Lin Deng  4 , Nobuhiro Takemae  3 , Tsutomu Kageyama  3 , Kazuhiko Katayama  5 , Maria Inge Lusida  1   2 , Ikuo Shoji  4
Affiliations

Unusual G9P[4] Rotavirus Emerged After the Dynamic Changes in Rotavirus Genotypes From Equine-Like G3 to Typical Human G1/G3 in Indonesia

Zayyin Dinana et al. J Med Virol. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

Inter-genogroup reassortment of Rotavirus A (RVA) strains has highlighted the spread of unusual RVA strains worldwide. We previously reported the equine-like G3 RVA as the predominant strain in Indonesia in 2015-2016. However, since July 2017, typical human genotypes G1 and G3 have replaced these strains completely. To understand how dynamic changes in RVA occur in Indonesia, we performed a detailed epidemiological study. A total of 356 stool specimens were collected from hospitalized children in Sidoarjo, Indonesia between 2018 and 2022. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for all 26 RVA-positive samples using next-generation sequencing. Twenty-four samples were determined to be the unusual RVA G9P[4], while two were G9P[6]. Detailed analysis revealed that seven G9P[4] strains had the typical DS-1-like backbone, while the other strains exhibited a double-reassortant profile (G9-N1) on the DS-1-like backbone. The Bayesian evolutionary analyses suggested that the Indonesian G9P[4] strains share a common ancestor with previously reported G9P[4] strains in the VP7 and VP4 genes. G9P[4] DS-1-like strains were identified as the predominant genotype in Indonesia in 2021 for the first time. These results suggest that the G9P[4] strains were generated from the previous G9P[4] strains that had undergone further intra-reassortments with the other circulating strains.

Keywords: G9P[4]; NGS; RVA; complete genome; evolution; reassortment.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. S. Babji, R. Arumugam, A. Sarvanabhavan, et al., “Multi‐Center Surveillance of Rotavirus Diarrhea in Hospitalized Children < 5 Years of Age in India, 2009–2012,” Vaccine 32, no. S1 (2014): A10–A12.
    1. J. Matthijnssens, M. Ciarlet, E. Heiman, et al., “Full Genome‐Based Classification of Rotaviruses Reveals a Common Origin Between Human Wa‐Like and Porcine Rotavirus Strains and Human DS‐1‐Like and Bovine Rotavirus Strains,” Journal of Virology 82, no. 7 (2008): 3204–3219.
    1. J. Matthijnssens, M. Ciarlet, S. M. McDonald, et al., “Uniformity of Rotavirus Strain Nomenclature Proposed by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG),” Archives of Virology 156, no. 8 (2011): 1397–1413.
    1. J. Matthijnssens, E. Heylen, M. Zeller, M. Rahman, P. Lemey, and M. Van Ranst, “Phylodynamic Analyses of Rotavirus Genotypes G9 and G12 Underscore Their Potential for Swift Global Spread,” Molecular Biology and Evolution 27, no. 10 (2010): 2431–2436.
    1. C. Troeger, I. A. Khalil, P. C. Rao, et al., “Rotavirus Vaccination and the Global Burden of Rotavirus Diarrhea Among Children Younger Than 5 Years,” JAMA Pediatrics 172, no. 10 (2018): 958–965.

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources