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. 2024 Dec 6;13(23):3944.
doi: 10.3390/foods13233944.

Characterization of Physicochemical Properties, Bioactivities, and Sensory Attributes of Sea Buckthorn-Fava Bean Composite Instant Powder: Spray-Drying Versus Freeze-Drying Coupled with Carriers

Shi Li  1   2   3 , Xizhe Fu  1   2   3 , Jing Wen  1   2   3 , Lin Jiang  1   2   3 , Liheng Shao  1   2   3 , Yinglin Du  1   2   3 , Chunhui Shan  1   2   3
Affiliations

Characterization of Physicochemical Properties, Bioactivities, and Sensory Attributes of Sea Buckthorn-Fava Bean Composite Instant Powder: Spray-Drying Versus Freeze-Drying Coupled with Carriers

Shi Li et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Foods and beverages with health benefits have become increasingly popular with consumers, and fruits and legumes are considered good sources of nutrients. In this study, sea buckthorn and fava bean were used as the main raw materials to prepare sea buckthorn-fava bean composite instant powder (S-FCP). Different drying methods (spray-drying (SD) and freeze-drying (FD)) combined with carriers (maltodextrin (MD) and inulin (INU)) were involved to investigate their effects on physicochemical properties, functional properties, and sensory attributes of instant powder. The results showed that FD better protected the color of the S-FCP and produced particles possessing more porous structures compared to SD; FD-INU (freeze-dried-inulin) had the shortest dissolution time and the largest solubility. In addition, FD-INU had the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and the strongest antioxidant capacity, and FD-INU had better overall organoleptic properties and hypoglycemic potential. Therefore, FD and the use of INU as a carrier are more suitable for the production of the S-FCP. This work provides a promising approach for developing a high-valued instant powder beverage composed of sea-buckthorn/broad bean, which also contributes to the development of the functional food industry.

Keywords: beverage; fava bean; freeze-drying; inulin; maltodextrin; sea buckthorn; spray-drying.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Fresh sea buckthorn–fava bean composite beverage, spray-dried and freeze-dried S-FCP with different carriers added.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Particle size distribution of spray-dried S-FCP with different carriers added; (b) Particle size distribution of freeze-dried S-FCP with different carriers added.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scanning electron micrographs of spray-dried and freeze-dried S-FCP with the addition of different carriers.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Contact angles of spray-dried and freeze-dried S-FCP with different carriers added. Different letters in the figur indicate significant differences in values (p < 0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Relaxation time (T2) inversion profiles of fresh sea buckthorn–fava bean composite beverage and spray-dried and freeze-dried S-FCP with the addition of different carriers (b) Relative peak areas of different water fractions in fresh sea buckthorn–fava bean composite beverage and spray-dried and freeze-dried S-FCP with the addition of different carriers.
Figure 6
Figure 6
FT-IR spectra of spray-dried and freeze-dried S-FCP with the addition of different carriers.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Correlation analysis between contact angle, wetting time, solubility, moisture content, and particle size of spray-dried and freeze-dried S-FCP with different carrier additions.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) TPC and TFC of spray-dried and freeze-dried S-FCP with different carriers added; (b) DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacity of spray-dried and freeze-dried S-FCP with different carriers. Different letters in different graph indicate significant differences in values (p < 0.05).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Inhibition of α-Glu and α-Amy by sea buckthorn juice, fresh sea buckthorn–fava bean composite beverage, and FD-INU rehydration beverage. Different letters in the figur indicate significant differences in values (p < 0.05).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Sensory evaluation of spray-dried and freeze-dried S-FCP rehydrated with different carriers.
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