Diet Biofunctionality in Modulating Cardiovascular Parameters in Obese Patients After Bioenteric Intragastric Balloon Bariatric Surgery

Abstract

Background/objectives: Adiposopathy is the cause of many secondary disorders in the function and structure of many organs and systems in the body. In the progression of obesity and the increasing dysfunction of anti-inflammatory me-diators, chronic inflammation occurs. This may be accompanied by the development of metabolic complications.

Methods: A diet with highly bioactive properties was formulated, and an element of diet therapy was introduced as a key component to support treatment in obese patients following bariatric surgery. Patients underwent a BIB (Bioenteric Intragastric Balloon) procedure. As obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, this study aimed to regulate cardiovascular factors in adiposopathy. Anti-inflammatory dietary components with modulating properties were included, with increased bioflavonoids, vitamins A, E, C, folic acid, and synbiotics, and altered fatty acid composition.

Results: The results showed satisfactory effects on fat reduction and the regulation of isoprostanes, plasminogen, angiotensin, prostacyclin, triglycerides, blood pressure, and blood rheology parameters. Cardiovascular co-morbidities are common in obesity. This is due to the endocrine function of adipocytes. As such, we decided to investigate the possibility of using bioactive dietary components as an adjunct to the safety of reducing prothrombotic parameters in obese patients after BIB surgery. This study hypothesised that the enrichment of the recommended diet after bariatric surgery with the addition of n-3 EFAs, bioflavonoids, vitamins, and synbiotics might result in comparable or greater fat mass loss in the subjects. In addition, the use of a functional diet might show a beneficial modifying effect on antihyperglycemic parameter values. We then compared the results to those obtained among patients fed a reducing, standard diet.

Conclusions: Using a functional diet, a significant reduction in visceral fat was achieved. A decrease in VFA was shown to reduce whole-blood viscosity. Furthermore, this study showed a significant effect of bioactive components on pro-thrombotic parameters in obese patients.

Keywords: angitensin; bariatric; blood rheology; dietotherapy; hypertension; isoprostanes; obesity; plasminogen activator inhitor-1; prostacyclins; triglycerides.

Figure 1

(a) BMI values of patients in three groups before and after BIB surgery and weight loss diets. (b) Incidence of statistically significant differences between the obtained BMI values of patients in the three groups after BIB surgery and weight loss diets.

Figure 2

Blood pressure values of patients in the three groups before BIB treatment. Group I—control; Group II—receiving the standard diet; and Group III—receiving the modified diet.

Figure 3

Blood pressure values of patients in the three groups after the BIB procedure and weight loss diets.

Figure 4

(a) Mean triglyceride levels of patients in the three groups before and after BIB surgery and weight loss diets. (b) Incidence of statistically significant differences between the achieved triglyceride levels of patients in the three groups after BIB surgery and weight loss diets.

Figure 5

To assess the occurrence of statistically significant differences between the obtained concentrations of isoprostanes, prostacyclins, plasminogen, and angiotensinogen in patients in the three groups after BIB surgery and the weight loss diets.

Figure 6

Dependence of blood viscosity on VFA for women (n-60).