Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Nov 27;16(23):4066.
doi: 10.3390/nu16234066.

Daily Amount of Purine in Commonly Recommended Well-Balanced Diets in Japan and Overseas

Kiyoko Kaneko  1   2 , Keito Tsuruga  3 , Fukue Takayanagi  4 , Tomoko Fukuuchi  2 , Noriko Yamaoka  2 , Reiko Seki  1 , Shin Fujimori  5
Affiliations

Daily Amount of Purine in Commonly Recommended Well-Balanced Diets in Japan and Overseas

Kiyoko Kaneko et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Background/Objectives: A low purine diet has been recommended for patients with gout and hyperuricemia, but there are concerns about excessive carbohydrates and a lack of protein. A well-balanced diet in accordance with general dietary guidelines is widely recommended. The Mediterranean diet and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet are also recommended for gout and hyperuricemia patients. However, there is little information on the purine levels in these diets. The aim of this study is to determine the daily amount of purine in well-balanced diets that follows the dietary guidelines, including the Mediterranean diet and the DASH diet. Methods: We measured the purine content in various foodstuffs. Using these values, we calculated the amount of purine in generally recommended well-balanced diets-the Japanese diet, American My Plate Plan, the Mediterranean diet, and the DASH diet. To calculate the amount of purine, recipes tailored to the characteristics of each diet were created. Results: The amount of purine in the Japanese diet, in the American My Plate Plan, in the Mediterranean diet, and in the DASH diet were 308.5-366.1, 308.7-335.0, 346.6-394.1, 325.9-493.9 mg/day, respectively. These values were close to the 400 mg/day recommended in the Japanese Guideline for the management of Hyperuricemia and Gout. Conclusions: A well-balanced diet following the recommendation in the dietary guidelines is considered to provide adequate purines. Because a high purine diet can lead to the recurrence of gout, advising to eat a balanced diet is useful on lifestyle guidance for the patients with gout and hyperuricemia.

Keywords: DASH diet; Mediterranean diet; amount of purine; food guidelines; gout and hyperuricemia; well-balanced diet.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Author Keito Tsuruga was employed by the company FORALL Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Purine metabolism and Dietary purine.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Japanese Food Guide (Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top). The Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fishers. The Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top. Available online: https://www.fao.org/nutrition/education-nutritionnelle/food-dietary-guidelines/regions/japan/en/ (accessed on 21 November 2024). (b) American Healthy Eating Plate (My Plate Plan). U.S. Department of Agriculture. MyPlate: Available online: https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/what-is-myplate (accessed on 21 November 2024). (c) Mediterranean diet [27]. Serra-Majem, L. et al. (d) DASH diet. U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Available online: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/education/dash-eating-plan (accessed on 21 November 2024).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Japanese Food Guide (Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top). The Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fishers. The Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top. Available online: https://www.fao.org/nutrition/education-nutritionnelle/food-dietary-guidelines/regions/japan/en/ (accessed on 21 November 2024). (b) American Healthy Eating Plate (My Plate Plan). U.S. Department of Agriculture. MyPlate: Available online: https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/what-is-myplate (accessed on 21 November 2024). (c) Mediterranean diet [27]. Serra-Majem, L. et al. (d) DASH diet. U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Available online: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/education/dash-eating-plan (accessed on 21 November 2024).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Japanese dietary pattern with some key points regarding purine.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A well-balanced diet based on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Hyndman D., Liu S., Miner J.N. Urate Handling in the Human Body. Curr. Rheumatol. Rep. 2016;18:34. doi: 10.1007/s11926-016-0587-7. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gibson T., Rodgers A.V., Simmonds H.A., Court-Brown F., Todd E., Meilton V. A controlled study of diet in patients with gout. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 1983;42:123–127. doi: 10.1136/ard.42.2.123. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Danve A., Sehra S.T., Neogi T.N. Role of Diet in Hyperuricemia and Gout. Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. 2021;35:101723. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2021.101723. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Basic Survey on National Life, Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Website. 2022. [(accessed on 22 November 2024)]. Available online: https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/k-tyosa/k-tyosa22/index.html.
    1. Hisatome I., Ichida K., Mineo I., Ohtahara A., Ogino K., Kuwabara M., Ishizaka N., Uchida S., Kurajoh M., Kohagura K., et al. Guidelines for Management of Hyperuricemia and Gout 3rd edition. Gout Uric Nucleic Acids. 2020;44((Suppl. S1)):1–40.

LinkOut - more resources