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. 2024 Nov 28;25(23):12780.
doi: 10.3390/ijms252312780.

Selected Markers of Inflammation in the Saliva of Children Infected with Helicobacter pylori

Mateusz Zakrzewski  1 , Agnieszka Gornowicz  2 , Magdalena Zakrzewska  3 , Anna Bielawska  2 , Elżbieta Maciorkowska  4
Affiliations

Selected Markers of Inflammation in the Saliva of Children Infected with Helicobacter pylori

Mateusz Zakrzewski et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori has been of interest to scientists and clinicians for many years, often causing diagnostic difficulties, especially in the youngest age group, in children. The presence of this bacterium in the population depends on the geographic region. However, it is assumed that even half of the world's population may be infected with H. pylori. Children infected with H. pylori-the study group (Hp(+)) and control group (Hp(-)), were chosen for further examination. The aim of the study was to analyze the concentrations of selected inflammatory markers in saliva (TNF-α, IL-8) and other markers (neutrophil defensin-1, sICAM-1, calprotectin, metalloproteinase-9, metalloproteinase-2, lactotransferrin, TLR-2) using ELISA technique. We confirmed the increased concentrations of IL-8, ND-1, and TLR-2 in the group of children infected with Helicobacter pylori. Moreover, there was also a positive, significant correlation between the concentration of ND-1 and MMP-2, sICAM-1, and calprotectin as well as MMP-9 and MMP-2 in the group of infected children. The study created new possibilities of insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of developing inflammation in the mouth. This type of comprehensive research is also used to monitor the current disease process and create new opportunities for better in-depth diagnostics of children infected with H. pylori.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; TLR-2; calprotectin; cytokines; defensins; inflammation; metalloproteinases; salivary markers.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The result of histopathological examination in the study group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlations between concentrations of selected inflammatory markers in the saliva of children Hp(−). Points on the scatterplot—data of study participants; line on the scatterplot—univariate linear regression.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlations between concentrations of selected inflammatory markers in the saliva of children Hp(+). Points on the scatterplot—data of study participants; line on the scatterplot—uni-variate linear regression.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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