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Review
. 2024 Dec 6;12(23):2461.
doi: 10.3390/healthcare12232461.

Health Promotion in Glycemic Control and Emotional Well-Being of People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Miguel Garrido-Bueno  1 , Manuel Pabón-Carrasco  2 , Nerea Jiménez-Picón  2 , Rocío Romero-Castillo  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Health Promotion in Glycemic Control and Emotional Well-Being of People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Miguel Garrido-Bueno et al. Healthcare (Basel). .

Abstract

Background/objectives: Structured therapeutic patient education is the key to improving biopsychosocial outcomes in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the effects of structured therapeutic education on glycemic control and emotional well-being in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This is a systematic review with a meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023390079). Searches were performed in Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, and the Psychology Database (June-August 2024). The eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trials published in English or Spanish within the past 10 years. Data extraction and risk of bias evaluations were independently conducted by two reviewers. The outcomes analyzed included glycated hemoglobin, time in range, emotional well-being, self-management behaviors, and adherence to treatment. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan with random and fixed effects models.

Results: Seventeen studies met the eligibility criteria. There was a significant improvement in glycemic control, stress, anxiety, and treatment satisfaction, although the results for the other emotional outcomes were mixed.

Conclusions: Structured therapeutic patient education improves glycemic control and selected emotional outcomes in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Further trials are needed to refine the characteristics of the intervention and broaden the applicability of the findings to diverse populations.

Keywords: emotional well-being; glycemic control; health promotion; patient education; type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. This study did not receive external funding from any administration; therefore, the funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of the data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA 2020 flow diagram. Note: Authors’ own elaboration with PRISMA 2020.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Risk of bias graph and summary. Note: Authors’ own elaboration with RevMan [29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45].
Figure 3
Figure 3
3-month Hb A1c forest plot. Note: Authors’ own elaboration with RevMan [29,31,32,37,38,39,41,42,43,45].
Figure 4
Figure 4
6-month Hb A1c forest plot. Note: Authors’ own elaboration with RevMan [32,33,41,44,45].
Figure 5
Figure 5
12-month Hb A1c forest plot. Note. Authors’ own elaboration with RevMan [44,45].
Figure 6
Figure 6
3-month TIR forest plot. Note: Authors’ own elaboration with RevMan [31,37].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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