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Review
. 2024 Nov 22;10(23):e40596.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40596. eCollection 2024 Dec 15.

Exploring nanotechnology solutions for improved outcomes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Sofia Gabellone  1 , Silvia Vanni  1 , Valentina Fausti  2 , Giacomo Miserocchi  1 , Chiara Liverani  1 , Chiara Spadazzi  1 , Claudia Cocchi  1 , Chiara Calabrese  1 , Davide Cavaliere  3 , Carlo Alberto Pacilio  3 , Giorgio Ercolani  3 , Federica Pieri  4 , Lorena Gurrieri  2 , Nada Riva  2 , Robin Jones  5 , Alessandro De Vita  1
Affiliations
Review

Exploring nanotechnology solutions for improved outcomes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Sofia Gabellone et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Objectives: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, the most prevalent mesenchymal tumors (80 %) of the gastrointestinal tract, comprise less than 1 % of all gastrointestinal neoplasms and about 5 % of all sarcomas. Despite their rarity, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors present diverse clinical manifestations, anatomic locations, histological subtypes, and prognostic outcomes.

Methods: This scoping review comprehensively explores the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic and prognostic modalities, as well as new therapeutic options for Gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Results: A particular focus is placed on the promising role of bio-nanomaterials as multifunctional agents for drug delivery and 3D tumor microenvironment modeling. Bio-nanomaterials offer promising opportunities for targeted drug delivery, overcoming treatment resistance, and improving therapeutic efficacy.

Conclusion: Despite significant advancements, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors remain a complex clinical entity with ongoing challenges. The integration of nanotechnology into Gastrointestinal stromal tumors management offers the potential to enhance patient outcomes. Future studies should prioritize the development and evaluation of nanomaterial-based therapies in clinical trials to facilitate the translation of laboratory discoveries into real-world clinical applications.

Keywords: DOG1; GIST; Imatinib; Nanotechnology; TKI inhibitors; c-Kit.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Alessandro De Vita reports financial support was provided by Italian ministry of health. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Sensitivity of KIT and PDGFRA mutations to approved TKIs. Green: sensitive, red: resistant; IM:imatinib; SUN:sunitinib; REG: regorafenib; AVA: avapritinib; ABD: ATP-binding domain; AL: activation loop. Frequency of mutations affecting exons of KIT and PDGFRA are indicated in brackets. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Examples of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) morphology. Microscopic picture. (A–B) 10×, 20 × objective magnification of GIST that stains c-kit positive; (C–D) 10×, 20 × objective magnification of GIST that stains DOG-1 positive; (E–F) 10×, 20 × objective magnification of GIST that stains desmin positive; (G–H) 10×, 20 × objective magnification of GIST that stains ki67 positive. Microscopic picture, H&E stain. 5, 10×, 20 × objective magnification image of a GIST (I–M). Microscopic pictureH&E stain. 4 × represents an objective magnification of normal gastric mucosa with intraluminal growth of the tumor (N).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Representative CT images of gastric GISTs tumor mass (white arrows).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Representative images of GIST tumor appearance. (A) Surgical intervention initial vision, (B) Margin widening; (C) Termination of excision; (D) Retrieval bag.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Representative images of the main classes of biomaterials used in 3D scaffold production and drug delivery systems.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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