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. 2024 Nov 26:9:100231.
doi: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100231. eCollection 2024 Dec 30.

Metabolite differences and molecular mechanism between dehiscent and indehiscent capsule of mature sesame

Yinping Zhang  1 , Ruirui Chen  2 , Yujun Liu  2 , Shuwen Xu  2 , Shuguang Gao  3 , Haiyang Zhang  4 , Hongmei Miao  4 , Lingling Qin  4 , Xiangyu Zhou  1 , Kiran Thakur  5 , Cheng Li  1 , Juan Li  6 , Pengcheng Wei  6 , Zhao-Jun Wei  5
Affiliations

Metabolite differences and molecular mechanism between dehiscent and indehiscent capsule of mature sesame

Yinping Zhang et al. Food Chem (Oxf). .

Abstract

The loss of sesame capsule seed prior to harvest poses a significant economical challenge in mechanized production. The metabolites involved in capsule closure are still unclear. Using comparative metabolome and transcriptome analysis, this work investigated the molecular regulation and enrichment pathways in two sesame types of indehiscent capsule WanZhi28 (ND) and dehiscent capsule WanZhi2 (WZ2). The findings demonstrated that genes and metabolites were significantly enriched in lignin synthesis-related pathways. Furthermore, data suggests that lipid and sugar metabolism may have an impact on capsule closure. Apart from its function in cell signaling, the latter may contribute to the glycosylation of lignin monomers, while the former may provide ATP for cellular microtubule movement. This work concurrently focused on a large number of differentially expressed transcription factors linked to the sesame capsule's anti-cleft mechanism, providing new evidence for the discovery and use of functional markers and genes for capsule dehiscence. The identification of key pathways and regulatory mechanisms offers valuable information for developing strategies to mitigate seed loss during harvest, ultimately contributing to more efficient and profitable sesame production.

Keywords: Capsule dehiscence; Lignin synthesis; Lipid and sugar metabolism; Metabolome; Sesame; Transcriptome.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Unlabelled Image
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The differences in the capsule morphology, the capsule shell cross-sectional micromorphology and widely-targeted metabolomics in two sesame varieties. (A) and (B) Mature sesame capsules of dehiscent capsule (WZ2) and indehiscent capsule (ND); (C) and (D) Mature sesame capsules cross section of WZ2 and ND; (E) Total metabolite classification in the SuperClass about mature sesame capsules of ND and WZ2; (F) Classification map of phenylpropanoids and polyketides about mature sesame capsules of ND and WZ2.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The results of differential metabolite analysis in two sesame varieties. (A) PCA between the ND and WZ2 of mature sesame capsules; (B) PLS-DA between the ND and WZ2 of mature sesame capsules; (C)Volcano plots of DEMs in positive mode about mature sesame capsules of ND and WZ2; (D) Heatmaps of differential metabolites in positive mode about mature sesame capsules of ND and WZ2.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The difference of gene expression values (FPKM) in two sesame varieties. (A) PCA distribution about mature sesame capsules of ND and WZ2; (B) Volcano plots of DEGs about mature sesame capsules of ND and WZ2.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The co-expressed genes and their kinetic patterns clusters about mature sesame capsules of ND and WZ2.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The Identification and enrichment of DEGs in two sesame cultivars. (A) GO classification of DEGs about mature sesame capsules of ND and WZ2; (B) KEGG enrichment of DEGs about mature sesame capsules of ND and WZ2.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The expression and qRT-PCR validation of Lignin Metabolic Pathway in two sesame varieties. (A) Expression of DEMs and DEGs in Lignin Metabolic Pathway about mature sesame capsules of ND and WZ2; (B) qRT-PCR validation of DEGs related to Lignin Metabolic in ND and WZ2 of mature sesame capsules (n = 3).
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