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. 2024 Sep 1;56(5):322-328.
doi: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_22_24. Epub 2024 Dec 16.

Raw Ocimum sanctum L. leaf extract modulates the pharmacokinetic of ceftriaxone and increases its bioavailability in staphylococcal mastitis

Jeevan Ranjan Dash  1 , Tapas Kumar Sar  1 , Indranil Samanta  2 , Tapan Kumar Mandal  1
Affiliations

Raw Ocimum sanctum L. leaf extract modulates the pharmacokinetic of ceftriaxone and increases its bioavailability in staphylococcal mastitis

Jeevan Ranjan Dash et al. Indian J Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Background: To study the pharmacokinetic interaction of cephalosporin antibiotic ceftriaxone (CFT) with raw undiluted Ocimum sanctum L. leaf juice in chronic staphylococcal mastitis in caprine.

Materials and methods: Chronic inflammation of the udder was evoked in goats by Staphylococcus aureus (J638) intracisternal inoculation 2000 cfu for 30 days into the left udder. Animals of Group I were given one single dose of CFT at 20 mg/kg i.v. Group II animals were given one single dose of CFT at 20 mg/kg i.v, and contemporary extracted fresh leaf juice of O. sanctum L. given at 5 ml/kg orally for 7 consecutive days.

Results: O. sanctum L. at 5 ml/kg oral had synergistic herb-drug pharmacokinetic interaction with CFT antibiotic (i.v.) and increased its bioavailability. It prolonged its rate of elimination (β) and enhanced the volume of distribution (Vdarea) and mean residence time in the body. Bioavailability and persistence of the antibiotic CFT and its metabolite ceftizoxime were increased in the milk from the udder.

Conclusion: Administration of O. sanctum L. at 5 ml/kg oral with intravenous CFT at 20 mg/kg may be advocated for effective treatment of S. aureus inflammation of the udder in caprine.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Plasma recovery chromatogram of ceftriaxone and ceftizoxime (CTZ), (a) Standard, 10 ppm (Ceftriaxone, Retension time (RT): 12.982; CTZ, RT: 4.815), (b) Plasma (blank), (c) Ceftriaxone, 10 ppm (RT: 13.698) and CTZ (10 ppm) (RT: 4.930) recovered in plasma
Figure 2
Figure 2
Milk recovery chromatogram of ceftriaxone (CFT) and ceftizoxime (CTZ), (a) Standard, 25 ppm (CFT, Retension time (RT): 9.650; CTZ, RT: 3.395), (b) Milk (Blank), (c) CFT, 25 ppm (RT: 9.835) and CTZ (25 ppm) (RT: 3.99) recovered in milk
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Semi-log plot of mean plasma concentration (μg/ml) of ceftriaxone against time (h) in induced mastitis goats following single-dose intravenous administration of ceftriaxone at 20 mg/kg with (Group II, n = 6) and without (Group I, n = 6) 1 h presingle dose oral administration of Ocimum sanctum L. leaf juice at 5 ml/kg once daily for consecutive 7 days, (b) Semi-log plot of mean plasma concentration (μg/ml) of ceftizoxime against time (h) in induced mastitis goats following single-dose intravenous administration of ceftriaxone at 20 mg/kg with (Group II, n = 6) and without (Group I, n = 6) 1 h presingle dose oral administration of O. sanctum L. leaf juice at 5 ml/kg once daily for consecutive 7 days
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mean milk concentration (μg/ml) of ceftriaxone in (i) left and (ii) right half of the udder. Group I: Mastitic goats administered with single dose of ceftriaxone at 20 mg/kg i.v., Group II: Mastitic goats administered with single dose of ceftriaxone at 20 mg/kg i.v. with 1 h pre single dose oral administration of Ocimum sanctum L. leaf juice at 5 ml/kg once daily for consecutive 7 days
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mean milk concentration (μg/ml) of ceftizoxime in (i) left and (ii) right half of the udder. *P < 0.05, Group I: Mastitic goats administered with a single dose of ceftriaxone at 20 mg/kg i.v., Group II: Mastitic goats administered with single dose of ceftriaxone at 20 mg/kg i.v. with 1 h presingle dose oral administration of Ocimum sanctum L. leaf juice at 5 ml/kg once daily for consecutive 7 days
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