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. 2024 Dec 17;19(12):e0310558.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310558. eCollection 2024.

Energy choices to health outcomes: A multidimensional analysis of risk in BRICS via PMG-ARDL approach

Funda Kaya  1 , Liton Chandra Voumik  2 , Mamunur Rashid  3 , Salma Akter  2 , Sayeem Hasan Khan  2 , Mahdi Salehi  4 , Konrad Kochański  5 , Grzegorz Zimon  6
Affiliations

Energy choices to health outcomes: A multidimensional analysis of risk in BRICS via PMG-ARDL approach

Funda Kaya et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

This article employs a Panel Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) approach to investigate the interaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), fossil fuel, renewable energy consumption, trade, and their collective impact on life expectancy within the BRICS nations. The research reveals compelling findings. Notably, CO2 emissions and trade openness exhibit negative and statistically significant impact on life expectancy. In contrast, GDP per capita and renewable energy consumption are positive and significant determinants of longer life expectancy. The nuanced outcomes underscore the complex interplay of economic, environmental, and social factors within the BRICS nations. The effects found by PMG-ARDL and FMOLS are very comparable, except for the trade openness' coefficients, which is the inverse. These findings hold significant implications for policy interpretation and sustainable development strategies. As nations struggle to balance economic growth and environmental improvement with public health, tailored interventions targeting CO2 reduction, trade openness, renewable energy, and GDP growth can collectively contribute to longer life expectancy. In a broader context, this research contributes to the global discourse on sustainability, economic improvement, and health issue.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Change of the series used in the study between 1990 and 2019.
Sources: World Bank (2023) [70] and Our World in Data (2023) [71].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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