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. 2024 Nov 26:64:97-101.
doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.11.025. eCollection 2025 Jun.

Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in functional outcome of acute spinal cord injury patients: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial

Prabu Mounissamy  1 , A C Premraj  1 , Sushma Chanadrashekar  1 , Naveen Jeyaraman  2 , Swaminathan Ramasubramanian  3 , Madhan Jeyaraman  2
Affiliations

Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in functional outcome of acute spinal cord injury patients: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial

Prabu Mounissamy et al. J Orthop. .

Abstract

Background: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a major public health issue causing significant disability and economic burden. Current treatments primarily focus on mitigating secondary injury, with limited effective therapies available. This study explores the efficacy of the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in improving functional outcomes in acute SCI patients.

Materials and methods: This single-blinded randomized control trial was conducted at JIPMER's orthopedic department. Patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) were enrolled based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 16) received a G-CSF injection whereas Group B (n = 18) received a placebo (normal saline) injection. The primary evaluation was based on the changes in the ASIA impairment scale at 1-, 3-, and 6-months post-injury.

Results: The study involved 34 participants, predominantly male. Initial assessments showed significant differences in ASIA scores between the groups. Group A demonstrated marked improvement in neurological status at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment compared to Group B. The frequency of adverse events was comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion: G-CSF showed significant improvement in ASIA scores at various time points post-administration compared to placebo. These findings suggest G-CSF as a potential therapeutic agent in acute SCI treatment. However, due to the small sample size, further research is necessary to confirm these results.

Keywords: ASIA impairment scale; Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; Randomized controlled trial; Spinal cord injury.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.

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