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Observational Study
. 2024 Dec 18;22(1):593.
doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03817-x.

Coffee consumption and adverse cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation

Vasco Iten  1   2 , Elena Herber  1   2 , Michael Coslovsky  1   2   3 , Elisa Hennings  1   2 , Rebecca E Paladini  1   2 , Tobias Reichlin  4 , Nicolas Rodondi  5   6 , Andreas S Müller  7 , Annina Stauber  7 , Juerg H Beer  8 , Roman Brenner  9 , Giulio Conte  10 , Richard Kobza  11 , Marcello Di Valentino  12 , Patricia Chocano Bedoya  6 , Freschteh Moradi  1   2 , Tim Sinnecker  13 , Leo H Bonati  14   15 , Michael Kühne  1   2 , Stefan Osswald  1   2 , David Conen  16 , Stefanie Aeschbacher #  17   18 , Christine S Zuern #  19   20 ; Swiss-AF and Beat-AF Investigators
Affiliations
Observational Study

Coffee consumption and adverse cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation

Vasco Iten et al. BMC Med. .

Abstract

Background: There is some evidence of reduced major cardiovascular event (MACE) rates associated with moderate coffee consumption in the general population. However, there is concern about the potential risks of coffee consumption in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between coffee consumption and MACE in AF patients.

Methods: Data of patients with documented AF enrolled in two large prospective observational multicenter cohort studies (Swiss-AF and Beat-AF) were analyzed. Follow-up information was obtained on a yearly basis. Coffee consumption was categorized into two main groups: "daily" and "not-daily" coffee consumers as well as additional subcategories. The primary endpoint was MACE, defined as a composite of stroke or systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for acute heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality. Secondary endpoints were the individual components of MACE and all-cause mortality. We performed time-updated multivariable adjusted Cox regression analyses to investigate the association between coffee consumption and MACE.

Results: The incidence rate for MACE was 5.09 per 100 person-years (py) in daily and 7.49 per 100 py in not-daily consumers (median follow-up duration: 4.7 years). After adjustment for pre-selected confounding variables, daily coffee consumption was associated with a 23% lower hazard for MACE compared to not-daily consumption (hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) 0.77 (0.66; 0.89)). Patients with moderate coffee consumption (2-3 cups/day) had the lowest hazard for MACE compared to patients with not-daily coffee consumption (HR (95% CI) 0.74 (0.63; 0.87)).

Conclusions: In a population of AF patients, daily coffee consumption was associated with a reduced risk for MACE, hospitalization for acute heart failure, and all-cause mortality. The results were inconclusive for stroke or systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death. In this analysis, we found no evidence of an unfavourable association of daily coffee consumption in AF Patients with adverse outcome events.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02105844.

Keywords: All-cause mortality; Atrial fibrillation; Caffeine; Coffee; MACE; Outcome events.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocols were approved by the main ethics committee (Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz EKNZ) and conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Written informed consent to participate in this study was provided by all participants. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Coffee consumption categorization. The categorization is based on the data presented in the first line of the figure that was assessed by questionnaire (coffee cups per month, week or day)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Cumulative incidence curves of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) stratified by daily versus not-daily coffee consumption
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) stratified by categories of coffee consumption for primary and secondary outcome events. The regression model was adjusted for age, sex, education (basic, middle, high), hypertension, history of heart failure, history of stroke, TIA or systemic embolism, history of coronary artery disease, history of diabetes, history of renal failure, body mass index, AF type, oral anticoagulation, betablocker, and antiarrhythmic drugs (model 2)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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