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. 2024 Dec 4:12:1498787.
doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1498787. eCollection 2024.

Composition and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae and P. eryngii var. elaeoselini

Flavio Polito  1 , Laura De Martino  1 , Giulia Mirabile  2 , Giuseppe Venturella  2 , Maria Letizia Gargano  3 , Vincenzo De Feo  1 , Hazem S Elshafie  4 , Ippolito Camele  4
Affiliations

Composition and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae and P. eryngii var. elaeoselini

Flavio Polito et al. Front Chem. .

Abstract

Background: The basidiomycetes Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae Lanzi and P. eryngii var. elaeoselini Venturella et al. belong to the P. eryngii species complex, acting as facultative biotrophs in association with members of Apiaceae family, i.e., Ferula communis L. and Elaeoselinum asclepium L., respectively. The consumption of these fungi has rapidly increased in recent decades, not only thanks to their nutritional properties and pleasant flavor, but also for their bioactive and medicinal properties.

Methods: A quantitative study of their hydroalcoholic extracts was carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The potential antimicrobial activity of the extracts was also tested against some phytopathogenic bacteria [Clavibacter michiganensis and Bacillus megaterium (Gram-positive), Pseudomonas viridiflava, Xanthomonas campestris, and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative)] and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium italicum, Monilinia laxa, Botrytis cinerea, Cadophora sp., and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum).

Results: The chemical analysis allowed the identification of secondary metabolites belonging to different classes, as flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, nucleic acids, fatty acids, and triterpenoids. Both extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against of the most tested microorganisms.

Conclusion: The results can broaden the knowledge on the possible use of these fungal species in the agricultural sector.

Keywords: LC-MS; Pleurotus eryngii var. elaeoselini; Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Full scan LC-MS chromatograms (negative ion HRESIMS) of hydroalcoholic extracts of P. eryngii var. ferulae (A) and P. eryngii var. elaeoselini (B).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Biplot (loading and scores plots) obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) of two extracts (at three different concentrations), and two standard compounds (streptomycin and cycloheximide) based on the eleven different variables (the bacterial and fungal tested strains) in the three dimensional space. The vectors shown are the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Hierarchical Cluster Heatmap of 8 treatments (rows) and 11 variables (columns), with normalized data values represented by a color scale ranging from blue (low) to yellow (high). The rows represent the two extracts (at three different concentrations), and two standard compounds (streptomycin and cycloheximide). The columns represent the tested bacterial and fungal strains.
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