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. 2024 Dec 19;25(1):1021.
doi: 10.1186/s12891-024-08122-5.

Global, regional and national burden of osteoarthritis in 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021

Zihao Wang  1 , Zhikang Xiao  2 , Changhao Sun  3 , Gaoxiang Xu  4 , Jianfeng He  5
Affiliations

Global, regional and national burden of osteoarthritis in 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021

Zihao Wang et al. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. .

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the prevalence and incidence of osteoarthritis as well as years lived with disability (YLDs) due to osteoarthritis in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021 by age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI, a composite of socio-demographic factors).

Methods: Data were acquired from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 (GBD 2021). The burden of osteoarthritis was estimated for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021by incidence, prevalence and YLDs. All estimates are presented as numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population, with uncertainty intervals (UIs). All the data were analyzed by age-sex-SDI-year groups.

Results: In 2021, globally, the age-standardised prevalence rate of osteoarthritis increased from 6393.1(95% UI 5683.2 to 7059.5) in 1990 to 6967.3(95% UI 6180.7 to 7686.1) in 2021.Addtionally, the age-standardised incidence rate increased from 489.8(95% UI 541.5 to 433.1) in 1990 to 535.0(95% UI 472.4 to 592.0) in 2021. In addition, the age-standardised YLD rate of osteoarthritis increased from 222.8(95% UI 106.7 to 450.3) in 1990 to 244.5(95% UI 117.1 to 493.1). The global prevalence and YLDs were higher in females than in males and increased with age, peaking at the > 95 years age group. Simultaneously, a positive association was found between the age-standardised YLD rate and the SDI at the regional and national levels.

Conclusions: Osteoarthritis is a major public health challenge that can cause significant problems for individuals and society. The burden osteoarthritis increased in most countries between 1990 and 2021. This trend is expected to continue as life expectancy increases and the global population ages. Increasing public awareness of the risk factors and the importance of osteoarthritis management, along with providing healthcare services to the growing number of people with osteoarthritis, are recommended to manage the future burden of this disease.

Keywords: GBD; Global; National; Osteoarthritis; Regional; SDI.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Age-standardised prevalence estimates of osteoarthritis in 2021 at regional level
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Age-standardised incidence estimates of osteoarthritis in 2021 at regional level
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Age-standardised prevalence estimates of osteoarthritis in 2021 at national level
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Age-standardised incidence estimates of osteoarthritis in 2021 at national level
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Age-standardised YLDs rates estimates of osteoarthritis in 2021 at national level
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Global number of prevalent cases and prevalence estimates of osteoarthritis per 100 000 populations by age and sex, 2021
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Global number of incident cases and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis per 100 000 populations by age and sex, 2021
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Global number of YLDs cases and YLD rates of osteoarthritis per 100 000 populations by age and sex, 2021
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Age- standardised years lived with disability (YLD) rates for osteoarthritis for 21 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) regions by Socio- demographic index, 1990–2021
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Age- standardised years lived with disability (YLD) rates of osteoarthritis by 204 countries and territories and Socio- demographic index, 1990–2021
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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