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. 2024 Dec 5:15:1500551.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1500551. eCollection 2024.

Burden of neurologic diseases in BRICS countries (1990 to 2021): an analysis of 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study

Shubham Chauhan #  1 , Shilpa Gaidhane #  2 , G Padma Priya  3 , Pawan Sharma  4 , Mahakshit Bhat  5 , Shilpa Sharma  6 , M Ravi Kumar  7 , Aashna Sinha  8 , Quazi Syed Zahiruddin  9 , Navneet Dev  10 , Ganesh Bushi  11 , Diptismita Jena  12 , Muhammed Shabil  13   14 , Sanjit Sah  15   16 , Rukshar Syed  17 , Kamal Kundra  18 , Alisha Dash  19 , Shailesh Kumar Samal  20
Affiliations

Burden of neurologic diseases in BRICS countries (1990 to 2021): an analysis of 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study

Shubham Chauhan et al. Front Neurol. .

Abstract

Background: Neurological disorders are a major global health concern, especially in BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), where demographic and socio-economic changes have amplified their impact. This study evaluates trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with neurological diseases in these countries from 1990 to 2021, focusing on sex disparities and key risk factors.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Join point regression and Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) analyses were used to assess trends in neurological disease burden. Age-standardized rates for incidence, prevalence, and mortality were calculated, along with DALYs, and key risk factors were analyzed.

Results: China showed the largest increase in incidence (7541.89 to 8031.37 per 100,000) and prevalence (26494.85 to 28534.79 per 100,000). Mortality increased in India (21.01 to 24.27 per 100,000) and South Africa (27.66 to 30.65 per 100,000), while China showed a decline (39.59 to 37.30 per 100,000). Brazil experienced a substantial rise in DALYs (1610.65 to 42024.59). Sex disparities showed higher DALY rates for females across all nations.

Conclusion: The research highlights the rising burden of neurological disorders in BRICS nations, especially in China and Brazil due to aging populations and metabolic risks. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions in India and South Africa, where increasing mortality rates and DALYs are concerning. Effective health policies should focus on early detection, managing metabolic risks, and implementing sex-specific strategies to address these issues.

Keywords: BRICS; DALYs; gender; incidence; metabolic risks; mortality; neurological disorders; sex disparities.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Join point regression analysis of neurologic disease trends in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) nations. * Indicates that the Annual Percent Change APC, AAPC is significantly different from zero at the alpha = 0.05 level. Age Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR), Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASPR).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Temporal trends in age-standardized neurologic disease incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs rates across BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) nations (1990—2021) (A) Age-standardized Incidence Rate of Neurologic disease (B) Age-standardized Prevalence Rate of Neurologic disease (C) Age-standardized Mortality Rate of Neurologic disease (D) Age-standardized DALYs Rate of Neurologic disease.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Age standardized prevalence rates of neurologic disease in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa in 1990 and 2021.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) distribution by age group in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa in 2021.
Figure 5
Figure 5
A heat map analysis: ranking of health risk factors in BRICS nations, 2021.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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