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. 2024 Dec 20;14(1):223.
doi: 10.1038/s41408-024-01206-4.

Global disparities in drug-related adverse events of patients with multiple myeloma: a pharmacovigilance study

Majid Jaberi-Douraki #  1   2   3 , Xuan Xu #  4   5 , Danai Dima  6 , Sikander Ailawadhi  7 , Faiz Anwer  8 , Sandra Mazzoni  8 , Jason Valent  8 , Muhammad Hamza Habib  9 , Jim E Riviere  4   10 , Shahzad Raza  11
Affiliations

Global disparities in drug-related adverse events of patients with multiple myeloma: a pharmacovigilance study

Majid Jaberi-Douraki et al. Blood Cancer J. .

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematological malignancy of clonal plasma cells driven by alterations to the chromosomal material leading to uncontrolled proliferation in the bone marrow. Ethnic and racial disparities persist in the prevalence, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of MM. These disparities are multifaceted and intersect with various factors, including demographics, geography, socioeconomic status, genetics, and access to healthcare. This study utilized the openFDA human drug adverse events (AEs) to analyze global data pertaining to MM patients and patterns of treatment-related AEs. We identified ten most frequently used drugs and drug regimens in six distinct regions, including North America (NA), Europe (EU), Asia (AS), Africa (AF), Oceania (OC), and Latin America & the Caribbean (LA). AE patterns were evaluated using the reporting odds ratio combined with a 95% confidence interval. AE reports were more prevalent in men than in women across all regions. Cardiotoxicities were more likely observed in AS and EU, while secondary neoplasms were more frequently reported in the EU. Nephropathies were prominent in OC, AF (in males), and AS (in females), while vascular toxicity, including embolism and thrombosis, was more common in NA (in males). A notable improvement in survival, particularly in AS, EU, and NA, with a significant decline in death rates was observed. Hospitalization rates displayed less variation in AS and EU but exhibited more pronounced fluctuations in AF, LA, and OC. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights into the demographic, geographic, and AE patterns of MM patients across the globe.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: Majid Jaberi-Douraki accepted funding from BioNexus KC for this project (BioNexus KC 20-7 Nexus of Animal and Human Health Research Grant). Sikander Ailawadhi has a consulting relationship with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Sanofi, Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation (BMS), Takeda, Beigene, Pharmacyclics, Amgen, Janssen, Regeneron, Cellectar, Pfizer and research funding (outside of this study) from GSK, BMS, Pharmacyclics, Amgen, Janssen, Cellectar, Abbvie, Ascentage. Faiz Anwer has consulting relationships with BMS, Caribou Biosciences and received research funding (outside of this study) from Celgene, Acetylon Pharmaceuticals, Millennium, Astellas Pharma, AbbVie, Janssen, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Caribou Biosciences. Dr. Sandra Mazzoni has a consulting agreement with Janssen/J&J Consulting. Shahzad Raza received an honorarium as an advisory board for Pfizer, Prothena Biosciences, and KiTE pharma and received research funding (outside of this study) from Nexcella Inc, Poseida Therapeutics and Janssen. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Usage of top MM drug regimens across six continents.
Each pie chart represents the distribution of drug regimens used in a different continent, with each section of the chart corresponding to a specific regimen and its percentage of usage. The color scheme is consistent across all continents, allowing for easy comparison of the relative usage of each drug regimen.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Lower confidence interval of ORR by regions, genders, and classification for four key SyOCs related to AEs: cardiac, neoplasm, renal and urinary tract disorders (Renal), and vascular disorders. Green to red color codes are used for low certainty to high certainty.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The trends of death rate and hospitalization rate from 2005 to 2022 for six different continents.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Percent MM drug use with respect to mortality and hospitalization from 2005 to 2022 for six different continents.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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