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Review
. 2025 Mar;39(1):183-197.
doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2024.11.012. Epub 2024 Dec 21.

Coccidioidomycosis

Fariba M Donovan  1 , Neil M Ampel  2 , George R Thompson 3rd  3
Affiliations
Review

Coccidioidomycosis

Fariba M Donovan et al. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2025 Mar.

Abstract

Coccidioidomycosis is the clinical disease caused by the dimorphic pathogenic fungi Coccidioides immitis and C posadasii. The number of clinically recognized coccidioidomycosis cases continues to increase yearly including in regions outside the traditional regions of endemicity. Following inhalation of Coccidioides spores, the course may range from asymptomatic exposure with resultant immunity, to a subacute pulmonary illness, to life-threatening disseminated infection. This review will summarize recent advances in our understanding of the infection and will include the ecology of Coccidioides, epidemiology and risk factors for infection, vaccine and novel antifungals in development, and management of immunosuppressed patients.

Keywords: Antifungals; Coccidioides; Endospore; Spherule; Treatment; Valley fever.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure N.M. Ampel has no conflicts of interest. F. M. Donovan has received research support from F2G, United Kingdom. G.R. Thompson has served as a consultant and received research support from Astellas, United States, Basilea, Cidara, United States, F2G, GSK, Melinta, Mundipharma, Germany, and Scynexis.

MeSH terms