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. 2024 Dec 6:15:1505368.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1505368. eCollection 2024.

Salt stress affects the bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of rice

Yujie Zhou  1   2   3 , Zhizhou He  1   2   3 , Qiuyun Lin  1   2   3 , Yuehui Lin  1   2   3 , Kaiyi Long  1   2   3 , Zhenyu Xie  1   2   3 , Wei Hu  1   2   3
Affiliations

Salt stress affects the bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of rice

Yujie Zhou et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Salt is a primary factor limiting the utilization of saline lands in coastal beach areas, with rhizosphere microorganisms playing a crucial role in enhancing crop stress resistance and exhibiting high sensitivity to environmental changes. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the preferred crop for reclaiming salinized soils. This study determined the microbial communities in rhizosphere soil of rice under different salt stress treatments by high-throughput sequencing. We found that salt stress changed the bacterial community diversity, structure and function in rhizosphere soil of rice. Salt stress significantly reduced the richness and diversity of bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of rice. The bacterial community was characterized by higher abundance of the phyla Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria; the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Acidobacteriota and Myxococcota were decreased, while Bacteroidota and Cyanobacteria were increased under salt stress. The functions of bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of rice mainly include chemoheterotrophy, aerobic_chemoheterotrophy, phototrophy etc., chemoheterotrophy and aerobic_chemoheterotrophy were significantly higher NS3 (adding 3‰ NaCl solution to the base soil) treatment than NS6 (adding 6‰ NaCl solution to the base soil) treatment. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the development of specialized salt-tolerant microbial agents for rice cultivation and offer a viable strategy for improving the soil environment of saline coastal lands through the application of beneficial microorganisms.

Keywords: 16S rRNA; Oryza sativa L.; bacterial community; rhizosphere soil; salt stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Venn diagram of bacterial OTUs in the rhizosphere soil of rice. CK, control treatment; NS3, 3‰ NaCl stress treatment; NS6, 6‰ NaCl stress treatment.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relative abundance at the phylum level of the bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of rice.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relative abundance at the genus level of bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of rice.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Alpha diversity indices of the bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of rice. CK, control treatment; NS3, 3‰ NaCl stress treatment; NS6, 6‰ NaCl stress treatment.
Figure 5
Figure 5
PCoA analysis of bacterial distributions in rhizosphere soil of rice at different treatments. CK, control treatment; NS3, 3‰ NaCl stress treatment; NS6, 6‰ NaCl stress treatment.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The differences of dominant bacteria groups at the level of phylum. CK, control treatment; NS3, 3‰ NaCl stress treatment; NS6, 6‰ NaCl stress treatment.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Discriminant analysis of taxa enrichment in each salt stress treatment (LDA scores is 3). CK, control treatment; NS3, 3‰ NaCl stress treatment; NS6, 6‰ NaCl stress treatment.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Prediction of bacterial function in rhizosphere soil of rice. CK, control treatment; NS3, 3‰ NaCl stress treatment; NS6, 6‰ NaCl stress treatment.
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