Across-the-board review on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant

Abstract

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a cataclysmic pandemic. Several SARS-CoV-2 mutations have been found and reported since the COVID-19 pandemic began. After the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants, the Omicron (B.1.1.529) is the most recently emerged variant of concern (VOC), which has evolved as a result of a high number of mutations, particularly in the spike protein, raising concerns about its ability to evade pre-existing immunity acquired through vaccination or natural infection.

Methods: This is a review based on studies published from November 2021 to September 2024.

Result and discussions: The current article discusses the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, its key characteristics and significant global health concerns, as well as measures for dealing with it in the context of the continuing COVID-19 pandemic. Various mutations in Omicron have been discussed that contribute to increased transmissibility and immune evasion from vaccine-induced or natural immunity acquired after infection. To understand the similarities and differences between different VOCs and Omicron, we conducted a comparative investigation.

Conclusion: Strengthening research, improving genomic surveillance and tracking, developing highly effective vaccines and immunotherapies, designing appropriate strategies, action plans, and future preparedness plans must all be prioritized and implemented quickly at global levels to mitigate the high global health concerns associated with the emergence of this new Omicron variant well before it causes large-scale COVID-19 outbreaks.

Keywords: B.1.1.529; COVID-19; Omicron; SARS-CoV-2; Variant of interest; Variants of concern.