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. 2024 Nov 30:13:106.
doi: 10.4103/abr.abr_456_23. eCollection 2024.

Investigating the Effect of Galbanic Acid on Lipin-1 and Lipin-2 Genes in Fatty Liver Cells with Palmitate

Hadis Musavi  1   2 , Reza Iraie  2 , Maryam Mohammadi  3 , Zeinab Barartabar  4 , Mohammad Yazdi  5 , Abouzar Bagheri  6 , Abbas Khonakdar-Tarsi  1   2
Affiliations

Investigating the Effect of Galbanic Acid on Lipin-1 and Lipin-2 Genes in Fatty Liver Cells with Palmitate

Hadis Musavi et al. Adv Biomed Res. .

Abstract

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is related to lipid accumulation and inflammation. Considering the role of lipin-1 and lipin-2 in fat homeostasis and inflammation, this study aimed to explore the effect of galbanic acid (Gal) and resveratrol (RSV) on alterations in the gene expression levels and protein abundance of lipin-1 and lipin-2 in HepG2 liver cells lipid-enriched with palmitate (Pal).

Materials and methods: HepG2 cells were subjected to different amounts of Gal and RSV for 24 hours in the presence of Pal to induce lipid accumulation. The RT-PCR method was employed to assess the expression of lipin-1 and lipin-2 genes, while protein levels were evaluated by western blot analysis. Lipid accumulation was determined qualitatively and semi-quantitatively using the oil-red staining technique.

Results: Gal treatment increased lipin-1 and lipin-2 gene expression (P < 0.05). In contrast, the groups treated with RSV did not show a substantial variance in the expression levels of the two genes (P > 0.05). In the groups treated with Gal/RSV, the intensity of lipin-2 protein bands was higher compared to the Pal group (P > 0.01); however, the intensity of lipin-1 protein bands was not significantly different (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Gal, a coumarin compound, significantly increased the expression of lipin-1 and lipin-2 in HepG2 cells treated with Pal. Consequently, this research suggests gal as a novel strategy for regulating fat homeostasis in HepG2 cells.

Keywords: Galbanic acid; lipin-1; lipin-2; non-alcoholic fatty liver; resveratrol.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of Gal/RSV on intracellular total lipid content in HepG2 cells (40× magnification). (a) The qualitative and (b)the semi-quantitative Oil Red O results in lipid accumulation, (c) measurement of intracellular triglyceride content. Study groups: HepG2 cells with 0.4 mM Pal alone, with a concentration of 300 μM Gal, and with a concentration of 50 μM RSV were treated with 0.4 mM Pal for 24 hours. *P < 0.01, **P < 0.001,***P < 0.000.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of Gal (300 µM)/RSV (50 µM) on lipin-1 and lipin-2 gene expression in HepG2 cells were treated with 0.4 Pal mM compared to the Pal 0.4 mM alone for 24 hours. **P < 0.001
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of Gal (300 µM)/RSV (50 µM) on lipin-1 and lipin-2 proteins levels in HepG2 cells were treated with 0.4 Pal mM compared to the control group (Pal 0.4 mM alone) for 24 hours. **P < 0.001.
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