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. 2024;13(1):A0164.
doi: 10.5702/massspectrometry.A0164. Epub 2024 Dec 17.

Imaging Lipidomics and Metallomics of Brown Rice Cultivars Used for Sake Production

Eliza Farestiani  1 , Yoshihiro Tamada  1   2 , Koji Okuda  3 , Eiichiro Fukusaki  1   4   5 , Shuichi Shimma  1   4   5
Affiliations

Imaging Lipidomics and Metallomics of Brown Rice Cultivars Used for Sake Production

Eliza Farestiani et al. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo). 2024.

Abstract

Many previous studies have reported various phospholipids and elements that affect sake production; however, it seems to be challenging to investigate individual types in each rice variety due to their high diversity, not to mention their distribution patterns. Since its introduction, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has gained attention in various fields as a simple compound visualization technique. The current study highlights the progress of powerful MSI in comprehensively analyzing phospholipids and minerals in brown rice for sake production. Multivariate analysis suggested phospholipids relating to each rice group based on regions of interest. Phospholipid classes connected with embryo and endosperm included fatty acylcarnitine, diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Meanwhile, the studied rice groups showed the same distribution of the investigated 12 minerals. This is the first study that reports a comprehensive imaging analysis of phospholipids and elements in brown rice for several cultivars for sake production.

Keywords: general rice; lipids; mass spectrometry imaging; metals; sake rice.

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Figures

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Fig. 1. Overview of MALDI MSI experimental workflow. MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization; MSI, mass spectrometry imaging.
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Fig. 2. Segmentation analysis showing the internal structure of sake rice and general rice based on phospholipid distribution. Different colors highlight the unique characteristics of the localization pattern.
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Fig. 3. PCA results of phospholipids in sake rice and general rice. (A) Score plot of phospholipids distribution in embryo part. (B) Loading plot representing phospholipids associated with each rice group embryo. (C) Score plot of phospholipids distribution in endosperm part. (D) Loading plot representing phospholipids associated with each rice group endosperm. Blue and orange-colored data points represent each phospholipid related to, consecutively, general rice and sake rice. HK, Hakutsurunishiki; NB, Nipponbare; NS, Nakate Shinsenbon; YM, Yamadanishiki; YW, Yamadawara; PCA, principal component analysis.
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Fig. 4. Spatial distribution of representative phospholipids associated with sake rice embryo (A) and general rice embryo (B) obtained by MALDI MSI. MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization; MSI, mass spectrometry imaging.
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Fig. 5. Spatial distribution of representative phospholipids associated with sake rice endosperm (A) and general rice (B) obtained by MALDI MSI. MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization; MSI, mass spectrometry imaging.
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Fig. 6. Spatial distribution of representative minerals in sake rice (Hakutsurunishiki and Yamadanishiki) and a general rice example (Nipponbare) obtained by MALDI MSI. MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization; MSI, mass spectrometry imaging.
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