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Review
. 2024 Dec 2;10(23):e40868.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40868. eCollection 2024 Dec 15.

Impact of hypoxia on alveolar bone dynamics and remodeling

Sangeetha Narasimhan  1 , Sausan Al Kawas  1 , Shishir Ram Shetty  1 , Hiba Saad Al-Daghestani  1 , Rani Samsudin  1
Affiliations
Review

Impact of hypoxia on alveolar bone dynamics and remodeling

Sangeetha Narasimhan et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Oxygen is a fundamental requirement for cellular metabolism. Hypoxia is a state of oxygen deprivation of the tissues. Cells develop numerous adaptive mechanisms to survive hypoxic insult. Alveolar bone is a unique structure that encases and protects the tooth. Literature reports that hypoxia, in all forms, impacts alveolar bone health. The hypoxia-inducible pathway appears to play a key role in mediating changes in alveolar bone metabolism. Embryonic hypoxia plays a vital role in craniofacial skeletal development. Further, hypoxia has been anticipated in the repair of extraction sockets. Alveolar bone cells respond distinctly to hypoxic conditions with both beneficial and detrimental effects. Studies have demonstrated enhanced alveolar bone resorption upon hypoxic stimuli. However, hypoxia has also been shown to have potential therapeutic effects on alveolar bone by triggering an angiogenic response. Additionally, the type, duration, and mode of hypoxia are critical in triggering varied responses in alveolar bone metabolism. The main objective of this review is to recapitulate the effects of different types of hypoxia on the tooth supporting apparatus and to analyze some of the presumptive mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced changes in alveolar bone remodeling.

Keywords: Alveolar bone; HIF; Hypoxia; Socket healing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic representation of the structure of Alveolar Bone.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematic representation of HIF-1α in Normoxia and Hypoxia.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Hypoxia mediated pathways involved in Alveolar Bone Resorption.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Hypoxia Mediated Pathways involved in Alveolar Bone Healing/Repair.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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