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. 2025 Dec;26(1):2441511.
doi: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2441511. Epub 2024 Dec 24.

Long-term effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in variant histology locally advanced colon cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis

Qiancheng Wang  1 , Shiyang Jin  1 , Zeshen Wang  1 , Yuming Ju  1 , Kuan Wang  1
Affiliations

Long-term effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in variant histology locally advanced colon cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis

Qiancheng Wang et al. Cancer Biol Ther. 2025 Dec.

Abstract

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has proven valuable in treating locally advanced colon cancer (LACC) and is included as a treatment option for patients with clinical T4b colon cancer by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. However, the long-term survival benefit of NAC in LACC remains debated, due to a lack of conclusive clinical trial results identifying the patients who would benefit most from NAC. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of NAC in patients with LACC based on histological subtype.

Patients and methods: This retrospective study analyzed 3,709 patients with LACC who underwent curative resection at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital between 2014 and 2018. Patients were grouped into two groups: neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for confounders, and survival outcomes of the two groups across different histological subtypes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves and log-rank tests.

Results: Patients with non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMAC) treated with NAC had a significantly improved 5-year OS rate (76.3% vs. 69.2%, p = .039) and DFS rate (67.2% vs. 60.1%, p = .041) compared with patients treated with AC. However, there was no significant difference in OS and DFS between the two treatment groups among patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC).

Conclusion: In patients with LACC, the prognostic value of NAC varied by histology. NMAC may serve as a predictor of improved long-term survival benefit from NAC in these patients.

Keywords: Colectomy; colon cancer; neoadjuvant chemotherapy; survival.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flowchart of patient selection.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The OS and DFS in LACC patients with or without NAC. (a) Kaplan-Meier curve for OS stratified by NAC. (b) Kaplan-Meier curve for disease free survival stratified by NAC.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Kaplan-Meier analysis comparing OS (p value is for 5-year OS) of NAC group and AC group by histological types. (a) NMAC, (b) MAC/SRCC.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Kaplan-Meier analysis comparing DFS (p value is for 5-year DFS) of NAC group and AC group by histological types. (a) NMAC, (b) MAC/SRCC.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Kaplan-Meier analysis comparing OS (p value is for 5-year DFS) of NAC group and AC group by histological types in landmark cohort. (a) LACC, (b) NMAC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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