[Nutritional status and height development of rural children aged 10-12 years in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, and the relationship with intelligence quotient in 2019]

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the nutritional status, height development and intellectual development level of rural children aged 10-12 years in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, and to analyze the relationship between the nutritional status and height development of local schoolchildren and their intellectual development.

Methods: In 2019, a total of 1721 students were selected from 8 counties(cities) under the jurisdiction of Linxia Prefecture in Gansu Province, with 1 township selected from each county in 5 directions: east, west, south, north, and central. One primary school was randomly selected from each township, and 45 students aged 10-12 were selected from each primary school. Measure children's height and weight data, calculate body mass index(BMI). Using the Chinese Joint Raven Test(Rural Edition) for intelligence testing and using the norm to calculate their intelligence quotient(IQ). Based on national standards for children's nutrition, height development, and intelligence, explore the relationship between children's nutritional status, height development, and intelligence.

Results: The IQ of children with moderate to severe weight loss, mild weight loss, normal, overweight, and obesity were 102.7, 102.8, 103.3, 102.5 and 106.9, respectively. The better the nutritional status of children, the higher their IQ values, and the intelligence of children was statistically significant(H=602.816, P<0.001). The detection rate of intellectual disability in overweight children was 0%, while the detection rate of low, marginal, and extremely excellent intelligence in obese children was 0%. The IQ of children in the growth retardation group and non growth retardation group were 99.5 and 103.3, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(U=171.000, P<0.05). The intelligence of children with different height development levels is statistically significant(H=55.174, P<0.001), and the average intelligence of children increases with the increase of height levels. The detection rate of low and marginal intelligence among children with upper height was 0%, the detection rate of extremely high intelligence was also 0%, and the detection rate of average and above intelligence was 90.9%. Ordered logistic regression analysis showed that the height level was above average(OR=0.598, 95%CI 0.397-0.899, P<0.05), above average(OR=0.002, 95%CI 0.027 2-0.747, P<0.05), nutritional status was normal(OR=0.633, 95%CI 0.484-0.980, P<0.05), overweight(OR=0.487, 95%CI 0.299-0.795, P<0.05), obesity(OR=0.569, 95%CI 0.358-0.907, P<0.05), and non growth and developmental delay(OR=0.578, 95%CI 0.371-0.901, P<0.05) were all local. Protective factors for the intelligence of children.

Conclusion: The nutritional status and height development of rural children in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province are related to intelligence. Normal or above nutritional status and normal height development are beneficial for the development of children's intelligence, but obesity and superior height development may affect the development of excellent intelligence in children.

Keywords: children; intelligence; nutritional status; physical development; rural.